Performance measures for government-sponsored research: Overview and background
Performance measures for government-sponsored research: Overview and background
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政府资助研究的绩效衡量：概述和背景
DOI：
10.1007/bf02129595
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
R. Kostoff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Kostoff
本文概述了二十世纪下半叶基础研究的发展及其最近逐渐向应用研究的转变。该论文表明，基础研究的重新关注与企业竞争压力的增加以及其他政府项目对有限政府预算的压力的增加密切相关。随着竞争压力的增加，随之而来的是对问责制的呼声越来越高，并以战略目标取代不受约束的机会驱动的研究。借助现代计算机技术，尽管识别和量化全方位研究影响的根本困难仍未解决，但问责制具有相应更强的定量成分。本文和本期特刊研究了研究评价和影响评估所考虑的各种定量措施，并确定了各类措施的优点和缺点。本介绍性论文概述了本期特刊中的每篇论文。用于支持研究问责制 1-3 的非常重要的定性和回顾性方法并未包含在本文中，也不是本期重点特刊的主题。
This paper overviews the growth of basic research in the second half of the twentieth century, and its gradual recent transformation toward applied research. The paper shows how the refocusing of basic research is strongly linked to increasing competitive corporate pressures and increasing pressures from other government programs on the limited government budgets. With these increasing competitive pressures comes the attendant increased call for accountability, and the substitution of strategic goals for unfettered opportunity-driven research. With modem day computer technology, the accountability has a correspondingly stronger quantitative component, even though the fundamental difficulties of identifying and quantifying the full range of research impacts remain unresolved.This paper, and this special issue, examine the diverse quantitative measures under consideration for research evaluation and impact assessment, and identify the strengths and weaknesses of the various classes of measures. Each paper in this special issue is overviewed in the present introductory paper. The very important qualitative and retrospective methods used to support research accountability 1-3 are not included in this paper, and are not main themes of this focused special issue.