SYNTHESIS Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation
SYNTHESIS Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation
复制标题
综合捕食者相互作用、中捕食者释放和生物多样性保护
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Ritchie;N. Johnson
人们越来越认识到捕食者在调节生态系统和维持生物多样性方面所起的重要作用。许多注意力都集中在食草动物种群的捕食者调节的后果，以及相关的营养级联。然而，顶端捕食者也可能通过内部相互作用来控制较小的中掠食者。顶端捕食者的消失可能导致野生动物内部相互作用的变化和中掠食者的爆发（中掠食者释放），进而导致对较小猎物的捕食增加。本文综述了捕食者相互作用、中捕食者释放及其对生物多样性影响的研究进展。在地理上和分类学上，中掠食者受到顶端掠食者的抑制是广泛存在的。顶级掠食者通过杀死或灌输恐惧来压制中掠食者，这促使它们改变行为和栖息地的使用，从而限制了中掠食者的分布和数量。顶端捕食者丰度的变化可能对中掠食者丰度产生不成比例的（高达四倍）影响。然而，捕食者之间相互作用的结果可能会随着资源的可用性、栖息地的复杂性和捕食者群落的复杂性而变化。顶端捕食者的恢复有可能通过调节中掠食者对猎物的影响而有利于生物多样性的保护，但这需要从整个生态系统的角度来避免不可预见的负面影响。自从我开始工作以来，一切都没有改变。我的眼睛不允许改变。我要保持这样的状态。摘自Ted Hughes的《Hawk Roosting》。
There is growing recognition of the important roles played by predators in regulating ecosystems and sustaining biodiversity. Much attention has focused on the consequences of predator-regulation of herbivore populations, and associated trophic cascades. However apex predators may also control smaller mesopredators through intraguild interactions. Removal of apex predators can result in changes to intraguild interactions and outbreaks of mesopredators (mesopredator release), leading in turn to increased predation on smaller prey. Here we provide a review and synthesis of studies of predator interactions, mesopredator release and their impacts on biodiversity. Mesopredator suppression by apex predators is widespread geographically and taxonomically. Apex predators suppress mesopredators both by killing them, or instilling fear, which motivates changes in behaviour and habitat use that limit mesopredator distribution and abundance. Changes in the abundance of apex predators may have disproportionate (up to fourfold) effects on mesopredator abundance. Outcomes of interactions between predators may however vary with resource availability, habitat complexity and the complexity of predator communities. There is potential for the restoration of apex predators to have benefits for biodiversity conservation through moderation of the impacts of mesopredators on their prey, but this requires a whole-ecosystem view to avoid unforeseen negative effects. Nothing has changed since I began. My eye has permitted no change. I am going to keep things like this. From Hawk Roosting, by Ted Hughes.