Addressing the Pushback Time Allocation Problem at Heathrow Airport
Addressing the Pushback Time Allocation Problem at Heathrow Airport
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DOI：
10.1287/trsc.1120.0446
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Atkin;G. Maere;E. Burke;J. Greenwood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Atkin;G. Maere;E. Burke;J. Greenwood
本文考虑了为离场飞机分配推回时间的问题，指定了允许它们从分配的停机位推回、启动发动机并开始滑行至跑道的时间。本研究的目的是首先预测每次起飞的延误时间（定义为在停机位或跑道的等待时间），然后用它来计算推回时间，以便在启动发动机之前在停机位吸收适当的延误量。采用两阶段方法，其中必须在第一阶段（起飞排序）内考虑第二阶段（推回时间分配）的可行性。深入讨论了这个现实世界问题的特征以及它与类似问题之间的差异，并考虑了这些差异的重要影响。差异包括具有非凸分量的非线性目标函数；两个序列相关分离问题的整合；分离可能随时间而变化；和时隙延长。这些因素中的每一个都对解决算法的设计做出了贡献。结果预测，通过吸收一些等待等待的延误，可以带来显着的燃油燃烧效益，并且可以通过减少跑道队列规模来间接帮助跑道管制员，从而带来延误效益。 NATS（前身为国家空中交通服务）基于本文描述的算法开发了伦敦希思罗机场的推迟时间分配系统。
This paper considers the problem of allocating pushback times to departing aircraft, specifying the time at which they will be given permission to push back from their allocated stand, start their engines, and commence their taxi to the runway. The aim of this research is to first predict the delay (defined as the waiting time at the stand or runway) for each departure, then to use this to calculate a pushback time such that an appropriate amount of the delay is absorbed at the stand, prior to starting the engines. A two-stage approach is used, where the feasibility of the second stage (pushback time allocation) has to be considered within the first stage (takeoff sequencing). The characteristics of this real-world problem and the differences between it and similar problems are thoroughly discussed, along with a consideration of the important effects of these differences. Differences include a nonlinear objective function with a nonconvex component; the integration of two sequence dependent separation problems; separations that can vary over time; and time-slot extensions. Each of these factors has contributed to the design of the solution algorithm. Results predict significant fuel-burn benefits from absorbing some of the delay as stand hold, as well as delay benefits from indirectly aiding the runway controllers by reducing runway queue sizes. A system for pushback time allocation at London Heathrow has been developed by NATS (formerly National Air Traffic Services) based upon the algorithm described in this paper.