Excretion masses and environmental occurrence of antibiotics in typical swine and dairy cattle farms in China.
Excretion masses and environmental occurrence of antibiotics in typical swine and dairy cattle farms in China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.11.087
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发表时间：
2013-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Li-jun Zhou;G. Ying;Shan Liu;Rui-Quan Zhang;Hua‐Jie Lai;Zhi-feng Chen;Chang-Gui Pan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li-jun Zhou;G. Ying;Shan Liu;Rui-Quan Zhang;Hua‐Jie Lai;Zhi-feng Chen;Chang-Gui Pan
本文对中国南方6个典型猪场和奶牛场11类50种抗生素的排泄量和环境分布进行了评价。2010年12月从这些农场收集了动物饲料、废水和固体粪便样本以及环境样本（土壤、溪流和井水）。在饲料、动物粪便和饲养环境中检出28种抗生素，包括四环素类、杆菌素类、林可霉素类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、头孢噻呋、甲氧苄啶类、大环内酯类和氟苯尼考。据估计，猪和牛的正常日排泄量分别为18.2mg/天/头和4.24mg/天/头。每头猪抗生素标准化日排泄量的主要贡献者为氯霉素（11.6mg/d /头）、杆菌素（3.81mg/d /头）、林可霉素（1.19mg/d /头）和四环素（1.04mg/d /头），其中氯霉素（3.66mg/d /头）占每头牛抗生素标准化日排泄量的86%。通过对养猪场饲料和动物粪便的调查和对养殖户的访谈发现，猪排泄的抗生素主要来源于饲料，奶牛排泄的抗生素主要来源于注射途径。如果假设中国的猪和牛的抗生素排泄量与所选畜牧场相同，那么中国的猪和牛每年的总排泄量将分别达到308万kg/年和16.4万kg/年。在井水、溪流和田间土壤中检测到磺胺类、四环素类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、甲氧苄啶、林可霉素和氟苯尼考等多种抗生素，提示养殖场可能是各种抗生素对接收环境的重要污染源。
This paper evaluated the excretion masses and environmental occurrence of 11 classes of 50 antibiotics in six typical swine and dairy cattle farms in southern China. Animal feeds, wastewater and solid manure samples as well as environmental samples (soil, stream and well water) were collected in December 2010 from these farms. Twenty eight antibiotics, including tetracyclines, bacitracin, lincomycin, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, ceftiofur, trimethoprim, macrolides, and florfenicol, were detected in the feeds, animal wastes and receiving environments. The normalized daily excretion masses per swine and cattle were estimated to be 18.2mg/day/swine and 4.24mg/day/cattle. Chlortetracycline (11.6mg/day/swine), bacitracin (3.81mg/day/swine), lincomycin (1.19mg/day/swine) and tetracycline (1.04mg/day/swine) were the main contributors to the normalized daily excretion masses of antibiotics per swine, while chlortetracycline (3.66mg/day/cattle) contributed 86% of the normalized daily excretion masses of antibiotics per cattle. Based on the survey of feeds and animal wastes from the swine farms and interview with the farmers, antibiotics excreted by swine were mainly originated from the feeds, while antibiotics excreted by dairy cattle were mainly from the injection route. If we assume that the swine and cattle in China excrete the same masses of antibiotics as the selected livestock farms, the total excretion mass by swine and cattle per annum in China could reach 3,080,000kg/year and 164,000kg/year. Various antibiotics such as sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluroquinolones, macrolides, trimethoprim, lincomycin and florfenicol were detected in well water, stream and field soil, suggesting that livestock farms could be an important pollution source of various antibiotics to the receiving environments.