Attention capture by auditory significant stimuli:: semantic analysis follows attention switching
Attention capture by auditory significant stimuli:: semantic analysis follows attention switching
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02937.x
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发表时间：
2003-10-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nuñez-Peña, MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Escera, C;Yago, E;Nuñez-Peña, MI
事件相关电位(ERPs)从头皮被记录下来，以调查听觉注意力研究中一个长期存在的争议，即人类大脑何时发生了无人看管的突破。9名被试将与任务无关的标准音后300ms出现的视觉刺激(80%，即P=0.8)或新声音(20%，即P=0.2)归入奇数/偶数类别。录音结束后，受试者对新奇的声音进行评分，看它们是否有任何特定的含义(可识别)或被认为是突然发出的噪音(不可识别)，并根据这种分类分析性能和事件相关电位。在没有声音的情况下呈现视觉刺激的控制条件表明，受试者在视觉任务执行过程中秘密监控与任务无关的声音，而在另一种条件下，听觉和视觉刺激彼此无关地出现，这使得在将注意力分配到听觉环境之外的过程中追踪注意力分心的处理成为可能。结果发现，这两种新奇声音的N1增强是相同的，这表明对这两种意外声音触发的注意转换相似。然而，从行为分心和更大的新颖性这两个方面来看，人们的注意力更倾向于可识别的新奇声音--P3。此外，这种更强的注意力定向是由于声音取决于视觉刺激，因为在控制条件下，没有观察到声音发生在注意集之外的情况下，对可识别的新声音的新颖性-P3增加。因此，假设N1-增强反映了对焦点注意的召唤，而新颖性-P3反映了注意力对诱发声音的有效定向，本研究结果表明，对重要声音的语义分析发生在注意力短暂转移到诱发刺激之后。此外，由于只有当受试者秘密地监控声音时，才能观察到新颖性-P3幅度的增加，目前的数据表明，对无关声音的语义分析取决于注意设置的自上而下的认知影响。
Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from the scalp to investigate a long-standing controversy in auditory attention research, namely when the 'breakthrough of the unattended' takes place in the human brain. Nine subjects classified visual stimuli appearing 300 ms after task-irrelevant standard tones (80%, i.e. P = 0.8) or novel sounds (20%, i.e. P = 0.2) into odd/even categories. After the recording session, subjects scored the novel sounds as to whether they had any particular meaning (identifiable) or were perceived as a burst of noise (non-identifiable), and performance and ERPs were analysed according to this classification. A control condition, in which the visual stimuli were presented with no sounds, showed that subjects covertly monitored the task-irrelevant sounds during visual task-performance, and a further condition, in which the auditory and visual stimuli appeared regardless of each other, made it possible to trace the processing of the distracters during allocation of attention outside the auditory environment. Results yielded identical N1-enhancement for the two types of novel sounds, indicating similar attention switching triggered to these two types of unexpected sounds. However, there was a stronger orientating of attention towards identifiable novel sounds, as indicated both by behavioural distraction and by larger novelty-P3. Furthermore, this stronger orientating of attention was due to the sounds being contingent on the visual stimuli, as no increase in novelty-P3 to identifiable novel sounds was observed in the control condition, in which the sounds occurred outside the attentional set. Therefore, provided that the N1-enhancement reflects a call for focal attention, and novelty-P3 the effective orientating of attention towards the eliciting sounds, the present results suggest that semantic analysis of significant sounds occurs after a transitory switch of attention towards the eliciting stimuli. Moreover, as the novelty-P3 increase in amplitude was observed only when subjects covertly monitored the sounds, the present data suggest that semantic analysis of irrelevant sounds depends on the top-down cognitive influences of the attentional set.