Parabolic refractive X-ray lenses: a breakthrough in X-ray optics
Parabolic refractive X-ray lenses: a breakthrough in X-ray optics
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DOI：
10.1016/s0168-9002(01)00531-9
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发表时间：
2001-07
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
B. Lengeler;C. Schroer;B. Benner;T. Gunzler;M. Kuhlmann;J. Tümmler;A. Simionovici;M. Drakopoulos;A. Snigirev;I. Snigireva
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文献类型：
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作者：
B. Lengeler;C. Schroer;B. Benner;T. Gunzler;M. Kuhlmann;J. Tümmler;A. Simionovici;M. Drakopoulos;A. Snigirev;I. Snigireva
折射X射线透镜，长期以来被认为是不可行的，已经在我们的研究所实现了旋转抛物面轮廓：新透镜的主要特点是：它们在两个方向上聚焦，没有球面像差。通过改变堆叠中的单个透镜的数量，对于约6至60 keV之间的光子能量，焦距可以在0.5至2 m的典型范围内选择。透镜的孔径约为1 mm，与3d代同步加速器辐射源处的波荡器光束的角发散度相匹配。他们科普没有问题的热负荷从白色光束的波荡器。最后，它们易于对齐和操作。折射X射线透镜可以用于硬X射线，就像玻璃透镜可以用于可见光一样，如果考虑到数值孔径很小（大约10−4）。作为高质量的光学元件，折射X射线透镜可用于产生增益为1000倍或更高的μm范围内的焦斑，或用于硬X射线显微镜中的成像目的。从微观分析，显微层析成像，荧光层析成像，X射线显微镜最近的例子将显示，以展示最先进的状态。可能的新发展将被讨论。
Refractive X-ray lenses, considered for a long time as unfeasible, have been realized with a rotational parabolic profile at our institute: The main features of the new lenses are: they focus in two directions and are free of spherical aberration. By varying the number of individual lenses in the stack the focal length can be chosen in a typical range from 0.5 to 2 m for photon energies between about 6 and 60 keV . The aperture of the lens is about 1 mm matching the angular divergence of undulator beams at 3d generation synchrotron radiation sources. They cope without problems with the heat load from the white beam of an undulator. Finally, they are easy to align and to operate. Refractive X-ray lenses can be used with hard X-rays in the same way as glass lenses can be used for visible light, if it is take into account that the numerical aperture is small (of the order 10−4). Being high-quality optical elements, the refractive X-ray lenses can be used for generating a focal spot in the μm range with a gain of a factor 1000 and more, or for imaging purposes as in a hard X-ray microscope. Recent examples from microanalysis, microtomography, fluorescence tomography, X-ray microscopy will be shown to demonstrate the state of the art. Possible new developments will be discussed.