Regulation of Nitrogen Rates and Dressing Ratios on Grain Quality in Wheat
Regulation of Nitrogen Rates and Dressing Ratios on Grain Quality in Wheat
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
Dai Ting
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作者：
Dai Ting
采用田间试验，以高蛋白小麦徐州26号和低蛋白小麦淮麦18号为材料，研究了施氮量和追施比例对小麦籽粒品质形成和花后碳氮同化转移特性的影响。结果表明，高氮条件下，小麦产量以34/66为宜，低氮条件下以66/34为宜。与低氮和低追氮相比，高氮和高追氮增加了籽粒蛋白质、面筋含量、沉降值和麦谷蛋白/醇溶蛋白比，降低了开花后向籽粒转移的氮和干物质比例，但增加了氮转移量。籽粒蛋白质含量与开花期氮素积累量和花后氮素转移量呈极显著正相关，与花后氮素同化量、氮素转移比例和干物质转移比例不相关;淀粉含量与花后氮素转移量和比例呈显著负相关。因此，增加开花期氮素积累量和花后氮素向籽粒的转移量，有利于提高籽粒蛋白质含量，调节籽粒品质。在生育中期增加全氮量和追肥比例是提高籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的重要途径。
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen rates and dressing ratios on grain quality formation and characteristics of post-anthesis carbon and nitrogen assimilation and transfer, using wheat cultivars with different grain protein contents, i.e. Xuzhou 26 (high protein) and Huaimai 18 (low protein). The results showed that wheat yield was higher at nitrogen ratio of 34/66 under high nitrogen level and at 66/34 ratio under low nitrogen level. High nitrogen rate and dressing ratio increased the contents of protein, gluten, sedimentation value and glutenin/gliadin ratio, reduced the proportions of N and dry matter transfer to grains after anthesis, but increased N transfer amount as compared with low N rate and dressing ratio. Grain protein content was significantly correlated with N accumulation at anthesis and N transfer amount after anthesis, and not correlated with post-anthesis N assimilation, proportions of N transfer and dry matter transfer.Starch content was negatively correlated with amount and proportion of N transfer after anthesis. It is suggested that increasing N accumulation at anthesis and transfer amount to grains after anthesis are favorable for improving protein content and regulating grain quality. Moreover, increasing total N rate and dressing ratio during medium growth stage is an important approach for increasing grain yield and protein content.