SHIFTING THE PARADIGM IN RADIATION SAFETY
SHIFTING THE PARADIGM IN RADIATION SAFETY
复制标题
DOI：
10.2203/dose-response.11-056.doss
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Doss, Mohan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doss, Mohan
目前使用线性无阈值（LNT）模型的辐射安全范例是基于这样一个前提，即即使是最少量的辐射也可能导致突变，增加癌症的风险。尸检研究表明，癌细胞的存在并不是临床癌症发生的决定性因素。另一方面，免疫系统的抑制使器官移植患者的癌症风险增加一倍以上，表明其在控制隐性癌症方面的关键作用。低剂量辐射（LDR）提高免疫反应，因此它可能会降低而不是增加癌症的风险。LNT模型只关注DNA损伤，这不是一个决定性因素，而完全忽略了免疫系统反应，这是一个重要因素，因此在科学上是不合理的。由于没有认识到免疫系统在癌症中的重要性，也没有探索运动干预，目前的模式可能错过了减少原子弹幸存者癌症死亡的机会。LDR增加的抗氧化剂可能会减少与衰老相关的非癌症疾病，因为氧化损伤与这些疾病有关。一个范式的转变是必要的，以减少进一步的伤亡，减少对低剂量辐射的恐惧，并使低剂量辐射的潜在有益应用的调查。
The current radiation safety paradigm using the linear no-threshold (LNT) model is based on the premise that even the smallest amount of radiation may cause mutations increasing the risk of cancer. Autopsy studies have shown that the presence of cancer cells is not a decisive factor in the occurrence of clinical cancer. On the other hand, suppression of immune system more than doubles the cancer risk in organ transplant patients, indicating its key role in keeping occult cancers in check. Low dose radiation (LDR) elevates immune response, and so it may reduce rather than increase the risk of cancer. LNT model pays exclusive attention to DNA damage, which is not a decisive factor, and completely ignores immune system response, which is an important factor, and so is not scientifically justifiable. By not recognizing the importance of the immune system in cancer, and not exploring exercise intervention, the current paradigm may have missed an opportunity to reduce cancer deaths among atomic bomb survivors. Increased antioxidants from LDR may reduce aging-related non-cancer diseases since oxidative damage is implicated in these. A paradigm shift is warranted to reduce further casualties, reduce fear of LDR, and enable investigation of potential beneficial applications of LDR.