Implementation and enforcement of smoke-free policies in public housing
Implementation and enforcement of smoke-free policies in public housing
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DOI：
10.1093/her/cyy053
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发表时间：
2019-04-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Haardorfer，Regine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kegler，Michelle C.;Lea，Jaimie;Haardorfer，Regine
无烟政策，如美国住房和城市发展部所要求的政策，有可能减少二手烟暴露中与收入相关的持续差异。为了了解实施和执行过程，以及遵守和执行的障碍和促进因素，我们从2016年1月至8月对来自23个公共住房当局（PHA）的代表进行了半结构化访谈（n=37），这些PHA具有一定程度的吸烟限制，沿着其中14个PHA的居民。居民通常通过小组会议、新居民介绍和/或在续租或年度重新认证期间进行一对一讨论来通知新政策。执行的时间各不相同，最常见的是提前6个月或一年通知。执行通常涉及一系列口头和/或书面警告，随后是违反租约的书面通知，以及最终的租约终止和/或驱逐通知。执行方面的挑战一般被归类为监测困难或法律的关切。从早期采用者那里了解当前做法的特点（例如预先通知、明确传达不断升级的后果、戒烟支持和具体的违规证据），为确定最佳做法奠定了基础，并有助于确保在补贴住房中成功和公平地实施无烟政策。
Smoke-free policies such as those required by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development have the potential to reduce persistent income-related disparities in secondhand smoke exposure. To understand the implementation and enforcement process, as well as barriers and facilitators to compliance and enforcement, we conducted semi-structured interviews (n=37) with representatives from 23 Public Housing Authorities (PHAs) with some level of smoking restriction in place, along with residents from 14 of these PHAs, from January to August 2016. Residents were typically notified of the new policy through group meetings, new resident orientations and/or one-on-one discussions during lease renewal or annual recertification. Timing of implementation varied, with advanced notice of 6 months or a year most common. Enforcement typically involved a series of verbal and/or written warnings, followed by written notice of lease violation, and eventual notice of lease termination and/or eviction. Challenges in enforcement were generally classified as monitoring difficulties or legal concerns. Characterizing current practices (e.g. advance notice, clear communication of escalating consequences, cessation support and concrete evidence of violation) from early adopters sets the stage for identifying best practices and helps to ensure successful and fair implementation of smoke-free policies in subsidized housing.