Visualization of hospital cleanliness in three Japanese hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care.
Visualization of hospital cleanliness in three Japanese hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1186/1756-0500-7-121
复制
发表时间：
2014-03-04
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Yamaguchi H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Watanabe R;Shimoda T;Yano R;Hayashi Y;Nakamura S;Matsuo J;Yamaguchi H
在日本，对倾向于长期护理的医院的医院清洁度仍然没有进行评估。因此，我们可视化医院清洁度在日本超过2个月的时间内，两个不同的流行方法：ATP生物发光（ATP方法）和标准邮票琼脂方法（邮票方法）。采用ATP和印模法对日本札幌市中心3家医院的752个护理区和患者区的表面进行了评价，每个表面在2个月内取样8次。这些区域位于不同的病房（内科、外科和妇产科）。ATP和邮票的方法的检测限，确定了加标实验与稀释的细菌溶液和擦拭测试学生表在寒假期间不使用，分别。值表示为超过检测限的倍数变化，任何一种方法的值高于检测限的样本均定义为阳性。ATP法的检测限为127个相对光单位（RLU）/100 cm 2，印模法的检测限为5.3个菌落形成单位（CFU）/10 cm 2。ATP法和邮票法的阳性率分别为59.8%（450/752）和47.7%（359/752），但各医院的阳性率无显著差异。这两种方法都揭示了通过手接触传播的各种有机污染物的存在，包括微生物污染，在入口楼层和病房中占优势。有趣的是，两种方法的数据均显示出相当大的变异性，无论日常目视评估是否使用常规擦拭，均不规则地观察到阳性表面。护士区比病人区相对干净。最后，医院的病人或医务人员数量与有机或微生物污染之间没有显著相关性。在倾向于长期护理的日本医院中，持续的日常医院清洁是不够的。
Hospital cleanliness in hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care in Japan remains unevaluated. We therefore visualized hospital cleanliness in Japan over a 2-month period by two distinct popular methods: ATP bioluminescence (ATP method) and the standard stamp agar method (stamp method). The surfaces of 752 sites within nurse and patient areas in three hospitals located in a central area of Sapporo, Japan were evaluated by the ATP and stamp methods, and each surface was sampled 8 times in 2 months. These areas were located in different ward units (Internal Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics and Gynecology). Detection limits for the ATP and stamp methods were determined by spike experiments with a diluted bacterial solution and a wipe test on student tables not in use during winter vacation, respectively. Values were expressed as the fold change over the detection limit, and a sample with a value higher than the detection limit by either method was defined as positive. The detection limits were determined to be 127 relative light units (RLU) per 100 cm2 for the ATP method and 5.3 colony-forming units (CFU) per 10 cm2 for the stamp method. The positive frequency of the ATP and stamp methods was 59.8% (450/752) and 47.7% (359/752), respectively, although no significant difference in the positive frequency among the hospitals was seen. Both methods revealed the presence of a wide range of organic contamination spread via hand touching, including microbial contamination, with a preponderance on the entrance floor and in patient rooms. Interestingly, the data of both methods indicated considerable variability regardless of daily visual assessment with usual wiping, and positive surfaces were irregularly seen. Nurse areas were relatively cleaner than patient areas. Finally, there was no significant correlation between the number of patients or medical personnel in the hospital and organic or microbiological contamination. Ongoing daily hospital cleanliness is not sufficient in Japanese hospitals with a tendency toward long-term care.