Women's Land Tenure Security and Household Human Capital: Evidence from Ethiopia's Land Certification.
Women's Land Tenure Security and Household Human Capital: Evidence from Ethiopia's Land Certification.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.034
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发表时间：
2017-10
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Muchomba FM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Muchomba FM
本文探讨了埃塞俄比亚性别土地认证计划对家庭医疗保健、食品、教育和服装消费的影响。在经历了多年的共产主义时期所有土地都被国有化之后，埃塞俄比亚于 1998 年开始实施土地保有权改革计划。改革始于提格雷地区，向户主发放土地证书，户主主要是男性。在 2003 年至 2005 年开展的第二阶段中，其他三个地区向户主及其配偶联合颁发土地证书，显示了按性别划分的土地保有权保障的差异。使用家庭面板数据的结果显示，与户主土地认证相比，配偶联合土地认证伴随着家庭医疗保健和自产食品消费的增加以及教育支出的减少。联合土地认证还伴随着女性和女孩服装消费的增加，以及男性服装支出的减少，这表明结果可能是由于家庭内性别权力平衡的变化所致。对发病率和持续时间的分析表明，联合土地认证后医疗支出增加可能是由于联合认证家庭为家庭成员生病或受伤寻求比单人认证家庭更有效的治疗。
This paper examines the impact of Ethiopia’s gendered land certification programs on household consumption of healthcare, food, education, and clothing. Ethiopia embarked on a land tenure reform program in 1998, after years of communism during which all land was nationalized. The reform began in Tigray region where land certificates were issued to household heads, who were primarily male. In a second phase carried out in 2003–2005, three other regions issued land certificates jointly to household heads and spouses, presenting variation in land tenure security by gender. Results using household panel data show that joint land certification to spouses was accompanied by increased household consumption of healthcare and homegrown food and decreased education expenditure, compared to household-head land certification. Joint land certification was also accompanied by increased consumption of women’s and girls’ clothing, and decreased men’s clothing expenditures indicating results may be explained by a shift in the gender balance of power within households. Analysis on the incidence and duration of illness indicates that increased healthcare expenditures after joint land certification may be due to joint certification households seeking more effective treatment than head-only certification households for household members who fell ill or suffered injuries.
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