Diversity of the killer cell Ig-like receptors of rhesus monkeys
Diversity of the killer cell Ig-like receptors of rhesus monkeys
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DOI：
10.4049/jimmunol.166.7.4380
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发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Letvin, NL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hershberger, KL;Shyam, R;Letvin, NL
由于杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)只在人类和黑猩猩身上存在，我们对它们的进化史没有完全的了解。因此，编码五种恒河猴KIR分子的cDNA被鉴定，并被发现与在人类和黑猩猩中发现的KIR分子不同。虽然在人类和黑猩猩中只检测到一个KIR2DL4分子，但在猴子中发现了两个不同的KIR2DL4同源物。虽然人类的两个KIR3DL分子的多态性有限，但猴子的KIR3DL同源物是高度多态的。在每只被研究的猴子身上发现了多达5个KIR3DL同源物，在5只恒河猴身上检测到了11个不同的KIR3DL分子。在恒河猴体内发现了两个新的KIR分子家族：KIR3DH和KIR1D。KIR3DH分子有三个Ig结构域，与KIR2DL4分子同源的含有精氨酸的跨膜结构域，以及短胞浆域。有了这些特征，KIR3DH分子类似于人类KIR分子的激活形式。KIR1D分子只编码一个完整的Ig结构域，然后第二个Ig结构域发生移码，导致分子提前终止。KIR1D存在多个剪接变异体，编码至少一个Ig结构域以及跨膜区和细胞质结构域。恒河猴KIR3DL同源物以及新的KIR3DH和KIR1D分子的广泛多样性表明，KIR分子家族在灵长类动物的进化过程中进化迅速。
Because the killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) have only been characterized in humans and chimpanzees, we do not have a full understanding of their evolutionary history. Therefore, cDNAs encoding the KIR molecules of five rhesus; monkeys were characterized, and were found to differ from the KIR molecules identified in humans and chimpanzees. Whereas only one KIR2DL4 molecule is detected in humans and chimpanzees, two distinct KIR2DL4 homologues were identified in the monkeys. Although the two human KIR3DL molecules are limited in their polymorphism, the KIR3DL homologues in the monkeys were highly polymorphic. Up to five KIR3DL homologues were identified in each monkey that was studied, and eleven distinct KIR3DL molecules were detected in the five rhesus monkeys. Two novel families of KIR molecules were identified in the rhesus monkeys, KIR3DH and KIR1D. The KIR3DH molecules have three Ig domains, transmembrane domains homologous to KIR2DL4 molecules that contain an arginine, and short cytoplasmic domains. With these features, the KIR3DH molecules resemble the activating forms of the human KIR molecules. The KIR1D molecule encodes only one complete Ig domain before a frame-shift in the second Ig domain occurs, leading to early termination of the molecule. Multiple splice variants of KIR1D exist that encode at least one Ig domain, as well as transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. The extensive diversity of the rhesus monkey KIR3DL homologues and the novel KIR3DH and KIR1D molecules suggests that the KIR family of molecules has evolved rapidly during the evolution of primates.