The vestibulospinal nucleus is a locus of balance development.
The vestibulospinal nucleus is a locus of balance development.
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前庭脊髓核是平衡发展的场所。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.12.06.570482
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Schoppik,David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamling,KylaR;Harmon,Katherine;Kimura,Yukiko;Higashijima,Shin-Ichi;Schoppik,David
成熟的脊椎动物利用前庭脊髓神经元来保持姿势，前庭脊髓神经元将感知到的不稳定性转化为脊髓运动回路的反射命令。姿势稳定性在整个发育过程中得到改善。然而，由于地面运动的复杂性，前庭脊髓的贡献，在早期生活中的姿势完善仍然没有探索。在这里，我们利用水下运动的相对简单性来量化未分化性别的幼斑马鱼在发育过程中失去前庭脊髓神经元的姿势后果。通过比较两个时间点的姿势，我们发现，前庭脊髓神经元的损伤越晚，导致的不稳定性越大。对数千次游泳比赛的分析表明，病变破坏了运动时间和纠正反射，而不影响游泳运动学，这种影响在老年幼虫中特别强烈。使用游泳的生成模型，我们展示了这些中断如何解释两个时间点的姿势变异性增加。最后，晚期病变破坏了在老年幼虫中观察到的鳍/躯干协调，将前庭脊髓神经元与用于深度导航的姿势控制方案联系起来。由于后来的病变是相当多的破坏姿势稳定性，我们得出结论，前庭脊髓的贡献，以平衡增加幼虫成熟。前庭脊髓神经元是高度保守的脊椎动物，因此，我们建议，他们是一个基板的发展改善姿势控制。
Mature vertebrates maintain posture using vestibulospinal neurons that transform sensed instability into reflexive commands to spinal motor circuits. Postural stability improves across development. However, due to the complexity of terrestrial locomotion, vestibulospinal contributions to postural refinement in early life remain unexplored. Here we leveraged the relative simplicity of underwater locomotion to quantify the postural consequences of losing vestibulospinal neurons during development in larval zebrafish of undifferentiated sex. By comparing posture at two timepoints, we discovered that later lesions of vestibulospinal neurons led to greater instability. Analysis of thousands of individual swim bouts revealed that lesions disrupted movement timing and corrective reflexes without impacting swim kinematics, and that this effect was particularly strong in older larvae. Using a generative model of swimming, we showed how these disruptions could account for the increased postural variability at both timepoints. Finally, late lesions disrupted the fin/trunk coordination observed in older larvae, linking vestibulospinal neurons to postural control schemes used to navigate in depth. Since later lesions were considerably more disruptive to postural stability, we conclude that vestibulospinal contributions to balance increase as larvae mature. Vestibulospinal neurons are highly conserved across vertebrates; we therefore propose that they are a substrate for developmental improvements to postural control.