The Refugee Paradox During Wartime in Europe: How Ukrainian and Afghan Refugees are (not) Alike
The Refugee Paradox During Wartime in Europe: How Ukrainian and Afghan Refugees are (not) Alike
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DOI：
10.1177/01979183221116874
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发表时间：
2022-08-02
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
De Coninck, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Coninck, David
自俄罗斯于2022年3月入侵乌克兰以来，乌克兰人以创纪录的速度和大量人流离失所。虽然有些人在乌克兰境内流离失所，但大多数人逃到了波兰、摩尔多瓦和其他欧洲国家。欧洲和美国公众对这些庞大的难民人数的反应是压倒性的积极，人道主义和团结的流露。这种反应与欧洲人在2021年5月塔利班暴力接管阿富汗后对阿富汗难民的担忧和相当负面的反应形成鲜明对比。在这篇IMR现场报道中，我反思了当前危机中对乌克兰难民的反应与2021年5月塔利班掌权后对阿富汗难民的反应的异同。尽管这两个难民群体之间存在重要的相似之处，但我认为，有各种原因可以解释为什么欧洲和美国公众可能觉得乌克兰难民比阿富汗难民更亲近，或者为什么他们认为乌克兰难民更值得援助。我强调象征性威胁、良知集体和种族的作用。此外，与其他难民危机相比，欧洲和美国公众对这场冲突中侵略者（俄罗斯）的隐现恐惧可能会在他们的反应中发挥更大的作用。
Since Russia invaded Ukraine in March 2022, Ukrainians have been displaced from their country in record pace and in massive numbers. Although some have been displaced within Ukraine, most have fled to Poland, Moldova, and other European countries. The European and American public's reaction to these large refugee numbers has been overwhelmingly positive, with outpourings of humanitarianism and solidarity. This reaction stands in stark contrast with the apprehensive and rather negative reactions from Europeans toward Afghan refugees following the Taliban's violent takeover in May 2021. In this IMR Dispatch from the Field, I reflect on the similarities and differences in reactions to Ukrainian refugees in the current crisis and Afghan refugees following the Taliban takeover in May 2021. Despite important similarities between these two refugee groups, there are, I argue, various reasons why the European and American public may feel closer to Ukrainian than Afghan refugees or why they perceive the former to be more deserving of aid. I highlight the role of symbolic threat, a conscience collective, and ethnicity. Furthermore, the looming fear of the aggressor in this conflict (Russia) may play a larger role in the European and American public's reactions than in other refugee crises.