Family and neighborhood socioeconomic inequality in cryptorchidism and hypospadias: A nationwide study from Sweden
Family and neighborhood socioeconomic inequality in cryptorchidism and hypospadias: A nationwide study from Sweden
复制标题
隐睾和尿道下裂的家庭和社区社会经济不平等：瑞典的一项全国性研究
DOI：
10.1002/bdr2.1444
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Sundquist Kristina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li Xinjun;Sundquist Jan;Hamano Tsuyoshi;Sundquist Kristina
ObjectivesTo研究是否有邻里剥夺和隐睾症和尿道下裂的发病率之间的关联，占家庭层面和个人层面的sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsAll男孩出生在瑞典1月1日，2001年和2010年12月31日之间进行了跟踪。数据进行了多层次logistic回归分析，家庭层面和个人层面的特点，在第一级和水平的邻里剥夺在第二级level.ResultsDuring研究期间，共497,584名男孩，8,584（1.7%）和3,704（0.7%）被诊断为隐睾症和尿道下裂，分别。隐睾症和尿道下裂的累积发病率随着社区剥夺程度的增加而增加。在研究人群中，在最贫困和最贫困的社区，每100名男孩中有1.5名和2.0名被诊断为隐睾症，每100名男孩中有0.7名和0.9名被诊断为尿道下裂。隐睾和尿道下裂的住院发生率随着所有家庭水平和个人水平社会人口学类别中邻里水平剥夺的增加而增加。生活在高贫困社区与生活在低贫困社区的隐睾症和尿道下裂的比值比（OR）分别为1.13（95%置信区间[CI] = 1.05-1.21）和1.24（95% CI = 1.12-1.37）。在调整家庭水平和个人水平的社会人口学特征后，高邻里剥夺仍然与尿道下裂的更高几率显著相关（OR = 1.20，95%CI = 1.08-1.35）。我们的研究结果表明，邻里剥夺与尿道下裂的中度发病率相关，独立于家庭水平和个人水平的社会人口学特征。
ObjectivesTo examine whether there is an association between neighborhood deprivation and incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, after accounting for family‐level and individual‐level sociodemographic characteristics.MethodsAll boys born in Sweden between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2010 were followed. Data were analyzed by multilevel logistic regression, with family‐level and individual‐level characteristics at the first level and level of neighborhood deprivation at the second level.ResultsDuring the study period, among a total of 497,584 boys, 8,584 (1.7%) and 3,704 (0.7%) were diagnosed with cryptorchidism and hypospadias, respectively. Cumulative rates for cryptorchidism and hypospadias increased with increasing levels of neighborhood deprivation. In the study population, 1.5 per 100 and 2.0 per 100 boys, in the least and most deprived neighborhoods were diagnosed with cryptorchidism and 0.7 per 100 and 0.9 per 100 boys were diagnosed with hypospadias. Incidence of hospitalization for cryptorchidism and hypospadias increased with increasing neighborhood‐level deprivation across all family‐level and individual‐level sociodemographic categories. The odds ratio (OR) for cryptorchidism and hypospadias for those living in high‐deprivation neighborhoods versus those living in low‐deprivation neighborhoods was 1.13 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05–1.21) and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.12–1.37). High neighborhood deprivation remained significantly associated with higher odds of hypospadias after adjustment for family‐level and individual‐level sociodemographic characteristics (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.08–1.35).ConclusionsThis study is the largest so far on neighborhood influences on cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Our results suggest that neighborhood deprivation is associated with a moderate incidence of hypospadias independent of family‐level and individual‐level sociodemographic characteristics.