THE ROLE OF CONTINGENCY IN CLASSICAL-CONDITIONING
THE ROLE OF CONTINGENCY IN CLASSICAL-CONDITIONING
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DOI：
10.1037/0033-295x.97.3.396
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发表时间：
1990-07-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
BITTERMAN, ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
PAPINI, MR;BITTERMAN, ME
经典条件反射依赖于条件刺激和非条件刺激之间的偶然关系的假设是几十年前提出的，作为传统的邻近性假设的替代，仍然被广泛接受为经验概括，如果不再作为理论假设。偶然CS-US配对的实验中，偶尔CS-US配对产生的随机训练，即培训中，美国的概率是相同的，在存在和不存在的CS CS没有响应的应急假设提供的第一个支持。这些早期的实验，其结果往往是在表面价值，重新考虑沿着各种后来的实验，显示条件反射，无论是CS和它的背景下，在随机训练。证据表明，CS-US应急既不是必要的，也不是充分的条件反射，这个概念早已超过了任何有用的，它可能曾经在条件反射的分析。
The assumption that classical conditioning depends on a contingent relation between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US), which was proposed some decades ago as an alternative to the traditional contiguity assumption, still is widely accepted as an empirical generalization, if no longer as a theoretical postulate. The first support for the contingency assumption was provided by experiments in which occasional CS–US pairings produced no response to the CS in random training—ie, training in which the probability of the US was the same in the presence and absence of the CS. Those early experiments, the results of which too often are taken at face value, are reconsidered along with various later experiments that show conditioning, both of the CS and its context, in random training. The evidence suggests that CS–US contingency is neither necessary nor sufficient for conditioning and that the concept has long outlived any usefulness it may once have had in the analysis of conditioning.