Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Equine Influenza A (H3N8) Virus from 1968 to 2007
Antigenic and Genetic Evolution of Equine Influenza A (H3N8) Virus from 1968 to 2007
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DOI：
10.1128/jvi.05319-11
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Smith, D. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lewis, N. S.;Daly, J. M.;Smith, D. J.
马流感病毒是马的主要呼吸道病原体，疾病的爆发往往会对马术产业造成重大破坏和经济损失。血凝素 (HA) 蛋白在马流感的控制中至关重要，因为 HA 是保护性免疫反应的主要目标，也是目前获得许可的流感疫苗的主要成分。然而，流感病毒 HA 蛋白会随着时间的推移而发生变化，这一过程称为抗原漂移，疫苗株必须更新才能保持有效。抗原漂移主要通过血凝抑制（HI）测定来评估。我们生成了 1968 年至 2007 年间分离的马甲型流感 (H3N8) 病毒的 HI 检测数据，并使用抗原制图来量化分离株之间的抗原差异。这一时期马流感病毒的抗原进化呈集群状：从1968年到1988年，所有分离株形成一个抗原簇，然后在1989年分裂成两个共循环簇，然后在2003年出现第三个共循环簇。所有三个簇中的病毒均于2007年分离出来。在这三个簇之一中，我们显示了随着时间的推移，抗原从疫苗株中漂移的证据。我们确定单个氨基酸取代可能是造成簇之间抗原差异的原因。
Equine influenza virus is a major respiratory pathogen in horses, and outbreaks of disease often lead to substantial disruption to and economic losses for equestrian industries. The hemagglutinin (HA) protein is of key importance in the control of equine influenza because HA is the primary target of the protective immune response and the main component of currently licensed influenza vaccines. However, the influenza virus HA protein changes over time, a process called antigenic drift, and vaccine strains must be updated to remain effective. Antigenic drift is assessed primarily by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. We have generated HI assay data for equine influenza A (H3N8) viruses isolated between 1968 and 2007 and have used antigenic cartography to quantify antigenic differences among the isolates. The antigenic evolution of equine influenza viruses during this period was clustered: from 1968 to 1988, all isolates formed a single antigenic cluster, which then split into two cocirculating clusters in 1989, and then a third cocirculating cluster appeared in 2003. Viruses from all three clusters were isolated in 2007. In one of the three clusters, we show evidence of antigenic drift away from the vaccine strain over time. We determined that a single amino acid substitution was likely responsible for the antigenic differences among clusters.