Discovery of novel [Arg49]phospholipase A2 isozymes from Protobothrops elegans venom and regional evolution of Crotalinae snake venom phospholipase A2 isozymes in the southwestern islands of Japan and Taiwan
Discovery of novel [Arg49]phospholipase A2 isozymes from Protobothrops elegans venom and regional evolution of Crotalinae snake venom phospholipase A2 isozymes in the southwestern islands of Japan and Taiwan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.06.021
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ohno, Motonori
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chijiwa, Takahito;Tokunaga, Emi;Ohno, Motonori
原竹节虫（原竹叶青）是一种响尾蛇亚科蛇，栖息于位于日本冲绳岛和台湾之间的日本先岛群岛的石垣岛和西表岛。从秀丽隐杆线虫毒液中纯化两种磷脂酶 A(2) (PLA(2)) 同工酶并进行测序。这导致发现了49位带有Arg的新型PLA2同工酶，即[Arg(49)]PLA(2)形式，命名为PeBP(R)-I和PeBP(R)-II。它们在位置 3 处具有多态性，PeBP(R)-I 为 Val，PeBP(R)-II 为 Ile。克隆了编码PeBP(R)-I和PeBP(R)-II的cDNA。还获得了编码[Asp(49)]PLA(2)的cDNA，命名为PePLA(2)。与具有 122 个氨基酸残基的 Protobothrops 属的 PLA(2) 同工酶相比，PeBP(R)-I 和 PeBP(R)-II 由于第 90 位缺少 Pro，由 121 个氨基酸残基组成。它们表现出坏死和水肿诱导活性，但未检测到出血活性。针对日本和台湾西南部岛屿的 Protobothrops 属及相关属的毒液 PLA(2) 同工酶构建的系统发育树显示，秀丽隐杆线虫的 PeBP(R)-I 和 PeBP(R)-II 在进化上比 BPI 和 P. mucrosquamatus（台湾）的 PmK49PLA(2)（一种 [Lys(49)]PLA(2)）更接近。 BPII，均为 [Lys(49)]PLA(2) 形式，来自 P. flavoviridis（日本奄美大岛和德之岛）。这种进化关系也出现在来自三种原人类物种的中性[Asp(49)]PLA(2) 同工酶中。因此，与 P. flavoviridis 相比，P. elegans 是更接近 P. mucrosquamatus 的物种。它们的进化距离似乎与它们居住的岛屿的地质历史密切相关。此外，还明确指出，原来属于竹叶青属的Ovophis okinavensis（奄美大岛）和竹叶青（台湾）是与原猿属相距较远的物种。 (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Protobothrops (formerly Trimeresurus) elegans, a Crotalinae snake, inhabits Ishigaki and Iriomote islands of the Sakishima Islands of Japan which are located between Okinawa island of Japan and Taiwan. Two phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) isozymes were purified to homogeneity from P. elegans venom and sequenced. This led to a discovery of novel PLA2 isozymes with Arg at position 49, that is, [Arg(49)]PLA(2) forms, named PeBP(R)-I and PeBP(R)-II. They are polymorphic at position 3, Val for PeBP(R)-I and Ile for PeBP(R)-II. The cDNAs encoding PeBP(R)-I and PeBP(R)-II were cloned. The cDNA encoding an [Asp(49)]PLA(2) named PePLA(2) was also obtained. In contrast to PLA(2) isozymes from Protobothrops genus with 122 amino acid residues, PeBP(R)-I and PeBP(R)-II are composed of 121 amino acid residues due to lack of Pro at position 90. They exhibited necrotic and edema-inducing activities but no hemorrhagic activity was detected. A phylogenetic tree constructed for venom PLA(2) isozymes of Protobothrops genus and of related genera in the southwestern islands of Japan and Taiwan revealed that PeBP(R)-I and PeBP(R)-II of P. elegans are evolutionarily much closer to PmK49PLA(2), a [Lys(49)]PLA(2), from P. mucrosquamatus (Taiwan) than BPI and BPII, both [Lys(49)]PLA(2) forms, from P. flavoviridis (Amami-Oshima and Tokunoshima islands of Japan). Such evolutionary relationships are also seen in neutral [Asp(49)]PLA(2) isozymes from the three Protobothrops species. Thus, P. elegans is the species much closer to P. mucrosquamatus than P. flavoviridis. Their evolutionary distances seem to be well related to geological history of the islands where they have lived. In addition, it was clearly noted that Ovophis okinavensis (Amami-Oshima), which had formerly belonged to the Trimeresurus genus, and Trimeresurus stejnegeri (Taiwan) are the species fairly distant from Protobothrops genus. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.