Activated carbon amendment as a treatment for residual ddt in sediment from a superfund site in San Francisco Bay, Richmond, California, USA
Activated carbon amendment as a treatment for residual ddt in sediment from a superfund site in San Francisco Bay, Richmond, California, USA
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DOI：
10.1897/07-179r.1
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发表时间：
2007-10
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
J. Tomaszewski;D. Werner;R. Luthy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Tomaszewski;D. Werner;R. Luthy
以前在美国加利福尼亚州里士满附近旧金山湾的劳里岑海峡 (Lauritzen Channel) 作业的农药配方设计师导致沉积物被二氯二苯基三氯乙烷 (DDT) 污染。本研究评估了大规模补救性疏浚六年后河道沉积物中残留滴滴涕的分布情况。在跨河道取样的 Young Bay 泥浆中发现了高浓度 DDT（高达 252 毫克/千克）。颗粒分析表明，大部分污染物包含在粘土/淤泥沉积物部分中，解吸测试表明，DDT 代谢物的利用率高于母体 DDT。本研究探讨了使用活性炭改良剂从沉积物中隔离 DDT 的可行性，包括对再生活性炭作为原始活性炭成本较低的替代品进行了评估。通过水平衡浓度的降低和半透膜装置 (SPMD) 的吸收来衡量活性炭对从 Lauritzen 通道收集的沉积物进行处理是否成功。对四种不同的活性炭进行了测试，用 3.2% 重量的碳处理一个月后，DDT 水溶液平衡浓度降低至 83%，SPMD 吸收量降低至 91%。在所有测试中，再活性炭与原始炭相当。 3.2% 活性炭处理后，SPMD 对 DDT 的吸收减少在 26 个月后增加至 99%。活性炭的有效性取决于类型、尺寸、剂量和接触时间。结果表明，活性炭改良剂作为清理污染沉积物后残留物管理的后续补救技术的潜在用途。
Pesticide formulators formerly operating at Lauritzen Channel, a portion of San Francisco Bay near Richmond (CA, USA), caused contamination of sediment with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). The present study evaluated the distribution of residual DDT in channel sediment six years following extensive remedial dredging. High DDT concentrations (up to 252 mg/kg) were found in Young Bay Mud sampled across the channel. Particle analyses showed most of the contamination is contained in the clay/silt sediment fraction, and desorption tests showed that availability is greater for DDT metabolites than parent DDT. The present study examined the feasibility of using activated carbon amendment to sequester DDT from sediment, including an evaluation of reactivated carbon as a less costly alternative to virgin activated carbons. Treatment success of activated carbon amendment to sediment collected from Lauritzen Channel was measured by reductions in aqueous equilibrium concentrations and uptake in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Four different activated carbons were tested and, after one month of treatment with 3.2 weight % carbon, DDT aqueous equilibrium concentrations were reduced up to 83% and SPMD uptake was reduced up to 91%. Reactivated carbon was comparable with virgin carbons in all tests. Reduction in SPMD uptake of DDT by treatment with 3.2% reactivated carbon increased to 99% after 26 months of treatment. The effectiveness of activated carbon was dependent on the type, size, dose, and contact time. The results show the potential usefulness of activated carbon amendment as a follow‐up remedial technology for management of residuals after dredging contaminated sediment.