Using Collective Impact to overcome systemic racism
Using Collective Impact to overcome systemic racism
复制标题
利用集体影响力克服系统性种族主义
DOI：
10.1002/fee.2245
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
10.3
通讯作者：
Middendorf, George
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mourad, Teresa;Middendorf, George
2020 年 5 月 25 日乔治·弗洛伊德被谋杀，象征着美国系统性种族主义和对少数族裔社区、特别是黑人社区的窒息的悠久历史和影响。系统性问题迫使这些社区应对大量障碍：上学（包括高等教育）、医疗保健、经济适用住房、宜居收入、工作和职业机会、安全以及研究经费。在科学领域，少数族裔，尤其是黑人科学家，在学术界、非政府组织、政府机构、工业界以及专业协会等各个领域的代表性都明显不足。毫无疑问，对攻读科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）专业感兴趣的少数族裔本科生并不缺乏。代表性不足的少数族裔和白人学生的入学率持平。然而，获得 STEM 学位的少数族裔毕业生要少得多，而且他们需要更长的时间才能获得学位。不到 2% 的科学博士学位是由黑人学者获得的。每天，少数群体都会质疑他们是否属于科学课堂、终身教职职位和职业。每天都有其他人质疑他们的存在。几十年来，解决这一代表性不足的尝试一直集中在少数族裔招募和保留的“管道”问题上，花费了数十亿美元用于促进科学兴趣、提供真实研究经验、提供同行和专业指导以及社区支持的项目。无论如何，数字并没有改变。从景观的角度来看，我们看到了许多不同的、互不相关的、孤立的项目。从公平和正义的角度来看，没有任何一项计划能够成功地在个人的整个职业生涯中实现变革。成功需要关注校园内外的支持：指导和建议；技术和“软”技能的发展；领导力培训；并进入专业网络。所有这些都对年轻人的职业轨迹产生深远而积极的影响。招聘、雇用、分级/评估、专业晋升和整体机构文化的流程也必须得到解决，因为它们常常对少数族裔包容性关闭大门。对于任何单一程序来说，因素太多，无法充分管理。程序卡在
The murder of George Floyd on May 25, 2020, symbolizes the long history and impact of systemic racism and suffocation of minority communities, particularly the Black community, in the US. Systemic issues force these communities to contend with a vast array of obstacles: access to schools (including higher education), healthcare, affordable housing, livable income, jobs and career opportunities, security, and funding for their research. In science, minorities, especially Black scientists, are starkly underrepresented in every sector: academia, NGOs, government agencies, industry, and–indeed–professional societies. Undoubtedly, there is no shortage of minority undergraduate students interested in pursuing Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors. Enrollments for both underrepresented minorities and White students are on par. Yet, far fewer minorities graduate with a STEM degree, and they take longer to do so. Fewer than 2% of PhDs in the sciences are earned by Black scholars. Everyday, minorities question whether they belong in science classrooms, tenure-track positions, and careers. Everyday, others question their presence. For decades, attempts to address this underrepresentation have focused on “pipeline” issues of minority recruitment and retention, with billions of dollars spent on programs to promote interest in science, provide authentic research experiences, and offer peer and professional mentoring as well as community support. Regardless, the numbers have not changed.When viewed from a landscape perspective, we see a multitude of distinct, unconnected, and isolated programs. From an equity and justice lens, no single program will ever succeed in effecting change throughout an individual’s career journey. Success requires attention to support both on and off campus: mentoring and advising; development of technical and “soft” skills; leadership training; and induction into professional networks. Each and all of these have profound and positive impacts on a young person’s career trajectory. The processes of recruitment, hiring, grading/evaluation, professional advancement, and overall institutional culture also must be addressed as they have too often shut doors to minority inclusion. There are simply too many factors for any single program to sufficiently manage. Programs are stuck in a