Land–Atmosphere Interactions: The LoCo Perspective
Land–Atmosphere Interactions: The LoCo Perspective
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DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-17-0001.1
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
J. Santanello;P. Dirmeyer;C. Ferguson;K. Findell;A. Tawfik;A. Berg;M. Ek;P. Gentine;B. Guillod;C. V. Heerwaarden;J. Roundy;V. Wulfmeyer
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Santanello;P. Dirmeyer;C. Ferguson;K. Findell;A. Tawfik;A. Berg;M. Ek;P. Gentine;B. Guillod;C. V. Heerwaarden;J. Roundy;V. Wulfmeyer
陆地-大气（L-A）相互作用是地球表面水和能量收支的主要驱动因素；因此，它们调节近地表气候，包括云和降水，并能影响干旱等极端天气的持续。尽管它们很重要，但在天气和气候模型中，L-A相互作用的表示仍然缺乏约束，因为它们涉及一系列复杂的过程，难以在自然界中观察到。此外，对L-A过程的全面理解需要跨学科的专业知识和超越传统研究范式和社区的方法。为了解决这些问题，国际全球能源和水交换项目（GEWEX）全球陆地-大气系统研究（GLASS）小组十多年来一直支持将“L-A耦合”作为其核心主题之一。在这一倡议下，几个成功的陆地表面和全球气候模拟项目已经确定了L-A耦合的热点，并帮助量化了陆地表面状态在天气和气候可预测性中的作用。GLASS成立了局部陆地-大气耦合（LoCo）项目和工作组，以在过程水平上检查L-A相互作用，重点是了解和量化这些过程的性质，并在模式中对其进行评估。LoCo已经为不同的应用和规模制定了一系列L-A耦合指标，并激励了来自世界各地越来越多的年轻科学家。本文概述了LoCo工作，包括度量和模型应用程序，以及科学和程序化的开发和挑战。
Land–atmosphere (L-A) interactions are a main driver of Earth’s surface water and energy budgets; as such, they modulate near-surface climate, including clouds and precipitation, and can influence the persistence of extremes such as drought. Despite their importance, the representation of L-A interactions in weather and climate models remains poorly constrained, as they involve a complex set of processes that are difficult to observe in nature. In addition, a complete understanding of L-A processes requires interdisciplinary expertise and approaches that transcend traditional research paradigms and communities. To address these issues, the international Global Energy and Water Exchanges project (GEWEX) Global Land–Atmosphere System Study (GLASS) panel has supported “L-A coupling” as one of its core themes for well over a decade. Under this initiative, several successful land surface and global climate modeling projects have identified hot spots of L-A coupling and helped quantify the role of land surface states in weather and climate predictability. GLASS formed the Local Land–Atmosphere Coupling (LoCo) project and working group to examine L-A interactions at the process level, focusing on understanding and quantifying these processes in nature and evaluating them in models. LoCo has produced an array of L-A coupling metrics for different applications and scales and has motivated a growing number of young scientists from around the world. This article provides an overview of the LoCo effort, including metric and model applications, along with scientific and programmatic developments and challenges.