Detection of explosives and their degradation products in soil environments
Detection of explosives and their degradation products in soil environments
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00553-8
复制
发表时间：
2002-07-19
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Hawari, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Halasz, A;Groom, C;Hawari, J
多硝基有机炸药[六氢-1，3，5-三硝基-1，3，5-三嗪（RDX）、八氢-1，3，5，7-四硝基-1，3，5，7-四氮杂辛（HMX）和2，4，6-三硝基甲苯（TNT）]是典型的环境不稳定污染物，可与土壤土著微生物发生生物转化，在阳光下发生光降解，并通过地下土壤迁移造成地下水污染。为了能够确定不同土壤环境中爆炸物及其（生物）转化产物的类型和浓度，因此需要一种样品制备、分离和检测的综合分析方法。本文介绍了使用超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO2）、乙腈（MeCN）（美国环境保护署方法8330）和固相微萃取（SPME），用于从各种水、土壤和植物组织样品中提取爆炸物及其降解产物，随后通过HPLC-UV、从TNT制造设施或反坦克射击场收集受污染的地表和地下土壤和地下水。植物组织样品取自温室实验中在反坦克靶场土壤中生长的植物。从前TNT制造厂抽取的所有土壤和地下水样本均被发现含有TNT及其一些氨基还原和部分还原产物。通过SPME-GC-MS和LC-UV确定的其浓度取决于现场取样的位置。在植物组织的情况下，SC-CO2提取，然后CE-UV分析表明，只有HMX的存在。HMX的浓度（300 mg/kg）。MeCN和水等改性剂提高了HMX从植物组织中的SC-CO2萃取率。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
Polynitro organic explosives [hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)] are typical labile environmental pollutants that can biotransform with soil indigenous microorganisms, photodegrade by sunlight and migrate through subsurface soil to cause groundwater contamination. To be able to determine the type and concentration of explosives and their (bio)transformation products in different soil environments, a comprehensive analytical methodology of sample preparation, separation and detection is thus required. The present paper describes the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), acetonitrile (MeCN) (US Environmental Protection Agency Method 8330) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for the extraction of explosives and their degradation products from various water, soil and plant tissue samples for subsequent analysis by either HPLC-UV, capillary electrophoresis (CE-UV) or GC-MS. Contaminated surface and subsurface soil and groundwater were collected from either a TNT manufacturing facility or an anti-tank firing range. Plant tissue samples were taken from plants grown in anti-tank firing range soil in a greenhouse experiment. All tested soil and groundwater samples from the former TNT manufacturing plant were found to contain TNT and some of its amino reduced and partially denitrated products. Their concentrations as determined by SPME-GC-MS and LC-UV depended on the location of sampling at the site. In the case of plant tissues, SC-CO2 extraction followed by CE-UV analysis showed only the presence of HMX. The concentrations of HMX (300 mg/kg). Modifiers such as MeCN and water enhanced the SC-CO2 extractability of HMX from plant tissues. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.