Retrieval protracts deferred imitation by 6-month-olds
Retrieval protracts deferred imitation by 6-month-olds
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DOI：
10.1207/s15327078in0703_3
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Campanella, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barr, R;Rovee-Collier, C;Campanella, J
过去使用延迟模仿任务的研究表明，6个月大的婴儿只记住了一天的三部分动作序列。时间窗口的概念表明，在一个有限的时间内，额外的信息可以与先前的记忆相结合。它的宽度与记忆的遗忘功能有关。本研究询问在时间窗口结束时提取模拟动作的记忆是否延长了记忆的保留时间，提取的类型（主动或被动）是否对记忆的保留有不同的影响，以及提取的延迟是否影响其特异性。在实验1中，6个月大的婴儿要么模仿模仿的动作（主动检索组），要么只是在第一天后再次观看模仿的动作（被动检索组）。10天后，两组均出现延迟模仿。在实验2中，6个月大的婴儿在时间窗口结束或接近结束时反复提取记忆，将模仿推迟了2.5个月。在实验3中，无论是主动还是被动，6个月大的婴儿在第一次先验检索后的时间窗口后期自发地进行了泛化模仿。这些研究表明，在时间窗口后期多次检索的保留效益是巨大的。因为大多数检索无疑是潜在的，重复事件对婴儿期早期知识库增长的贡献被大大低估了。
Past research using a deferred imitation task has shown that 6-month-olds remember a 3-part action sequence for only I day. The concept of a time window suggests that there is a limited period within which additional information can be integrated with a prior memory. Its width tracks the forgetting function of the memory. This study asked if retrieving the memory of the modeled actions at the end of the time window protracts its retention, if the type of retrieval (active or passive) differentially influences retention, and if the retrieval delay influences its specificity. In Experiment 1, 6-month-olds either imitated the modeled actions (active retrieval group) or merely watched them modeled again (passive retrieval group) I day after the original demonstration. Both groups showed deferred imitation after 10 days. In Experiment 2, 6-month-olds who repeatedly retrieved the memory at or near the end of the time window deferred imitation for 2.5 months. In Experiment 3, 6-month-olds spontaneously generalized imitation late in the time window after I prior retrieval, whether it was active or passive. These studies reveal that the retention benefit of multiple retrievals late in the time window is huge. Because most retrievals are undoubtedly latent, the contribution of repeated events to the growth of the knowledge base early in infancy has been greatly underestimated.