Why Doesn&Apos;T the Us Have a European-Style Welfare System?
Why Doesn&Apos;T the Us Have a European-Style Welfare System?
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为什么不
DOI：
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bruce Sacerdote
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Alberto Alesina;E. Glaeser;Bruce Sacerdote
相对于美国的慷慨程度，欧洲国家对穷人要慷慨得多。经济模型表明，再分配是税前收入分配的方差和偏斜度、收入波动性（可能是由于贸易冲击）、税收的社会成本和中等选民预期收入流动性的函数。这些因素似乎都无法解释美国和欧洲之间的差异。相反，这些差异似乎是美国和美国政治制度中种族异质性的结果。美国的种族仇恨使得对穷人的再分配对许多选民没有吸引力，而穷人中黑人比例过高。美国的政治制度限制了社会主义政党的发展，更普遍地说，限制了穷人的政治权力。
European countries are much more generous to the poor relative to the US level of generosity. Economic models suggest that redistribution is a function of the variance and skewness of the pre-tax income distribution, the volatility of income (perhaps because of trade shocks), the social costs of taxation and the expected income mobility of the median voter. None of these factors appear to explain the differences between the US and Europe. Instead, the differences appear to be the result of racial heterogeneity in the US and American political institutions. Racial animosity in the US makes redistribution to the poor, who are disproportionately black, unappealing to many voters. American political institutions limited the growth of a socialist party, and more generally limited the political power of the poor.