Seeing direct and averted gaze activates the approach-avoidance motivational brain systems
Seeing direct and averted gaze activates the approach-avoidance motivational brain systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.029
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Ruuhiala, Heidi J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hietanen, Jari K.;Leppanen, Jukka M.;Ruuhiala, Heidi J.
注视方向是调节社会互动的重要因素。最近的证据表明，直接和转移的目光可以信号发送者的动机倾向的方法和避免，分别。我们的目的是确定是否看到另一个人的直接与转移的目光对观察者的神经接近回避反应的影响。我们还研究了如果参与者看的是真实的人的脸还是照片，是否会有不同。额叶脑电活动的半球不对称性的测量表明，另一个人的直接凝视引起了相对左侧的额叶脑电激活（指示接近的倾向），而转移凝视激活右侧不对称性（指示回避）。皮肤电导反应较大的面孔比控制对象和直接相对于转移的目光，这表明，在一般情况下，面对直接的目光，特别是，引起更强烈的自主激活和强度的动机倾向比控制刺激。注视方向也影响情绪唤起和效价的主观评级。然而，所有这些效应只有在参与者面对一个真实的人时才能观察到，而不是在看一张脸的照片时。这一发现被认为是由于在另一个人的存在增强自我意识的背景下，对凝视方向的动机反应被激活。因此，本研究结果提供了直接的证据表明，两个人之间的目光接触和凝视厌恶影响调节基本的动机-情绪反应的神经机制，并差异激活动机接近-回避脑系统。(C)2008爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Gaze direction is known to be an important factor in regulating social interaction. Recent evidence suggests that direct and averted gaze can signal the sender's motivational tendencies of approach and avoidance, respectively. We aimed at determining whether seeing another person's direct vs. averted gaze has an influence on the observer's neural approach-avoidance responses. We also examined whether it would make a difference if the participants were looking at the face of a real person or a picture. Measurements of hemispheric asymmetry in the frontal electroencephalographic activity indicated that another person's direct gaze elicited a relative left-sided frontal EEG activation (indicative of a tendency to approach), whereas averted gaze activated right-sided asymmetry (indicative of avoidance). Skin conductance responses were larger to faces than to control objects and to direct relative to averted gaze, indicating that faces, in general, and faces with direct gaze, in particular, elicited more intense autonomic activation and strength of the motivational tendencies than did control stimuli. Gaze direction also influenced subjective ratings of emotional arousal and valence. However, all these effects were observed only when participants were facing a real person, not when looking at a picture of a face. This finding was suggested to be due to the motivational responses to gaze direction being activated in the context of enhanced self-awareness by the presence of another person. The present results, thus, provide direct evidence that eye contact and gaze aversion between two persons influence the neural mechanisms regulating basic motivational-emotional responses and differentially activate the motivational approach-avoidance brain systems. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.