Imaging the visual system: from the eye to the brain.
Imaging the visual system: from the eye to the brain.
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视觉系统成像：从眼睛到大脑。
DOI：
10.1111/opo.12298
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Roorda,Austin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Thompson,Benjamin;Read,ScottA;Dumoulin,SergeO;Elsner,AnnE;Porter,Jason;Roorda,Austin
成像技术使人体解剖学和生理学的研究发生了革命性的变化。这一点在视觉科学领域表现得最为明显。在视觉科学领域，成像技术提供了前所未有的见解，让我们得以深入了解体内整个视觉通路的结构和功能。光学相干断层扫描（OCT） 1,2等眼部和视网膜成像技术已成为成熟的临床工具，可提供非常详细的眼部结构图像，这些图像现在被常规用于支持眼部疾病的诊断和管理。随着眼部成像技术测量范围的扩大，我们可以使用更加准确的诊断和预后临床仪器，并进一步了解眼睛的结构和功能特性。另一方面，脑成像技术如功能性磁共振成像4,5和弥散张量神经束图6尚未广泛应用于视觉障碍的临床治疗。这种情况可能会改变。越来越多的证据表明，如果不考虑大脑结构和功能的相关变化，就不能充分了解眼病对视觉功能的影响。此外，使用电义肢或再生医学恢复视力的尝试需要了解视力丧失患者的整个视觉通路。例如，任何长期的视觉皮层去传入神经的神经退行性影响，都会限制视网膜输入大脑恢复后视力恢复的程度。因此，未来视力恢复领域的进展可能主要依赖于眼睛和大脑成像技术的结合。这个特性问题有两个主要目标。第一项任务是确定新的成像技术和现有成像方法的最新进展，这些方法可以应用于视觉系统。第二是强调通过使用成像技术，我们对视觉系统和视觉障碍的理解取得了进展。这些广泛的目标使我们能够收集一系列论文，涵盖从角膜到眼外视觉皮层的整个视觉系统。这期特刊从两篇应邀的综述开始，这两篇综述共同提供了视网膜和脑成像的全面概述。第一篇综述由Jessica Morgan撰写，描述了由于使用新型OCT技术、自适应光学及其组合而导致的视网膜成像的最新发展。这些技术允许对视网膜层和脉管系统进行详细的细胞水平成像，可视化光感受器马赛克（锥状和锥状）
Imaging technologies have revolutionized the study of human anatomy and physiology. Nowhere is this more evident than in the vision sciences, where imaging has provided unprecedented insights into the structure and function of the entire visual pathway in vivo. Ocular and retinal imaging techniques such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) 1, 2 have become established clinical tools, providing highly detailed images of ocular structures that are now used routinely to support the diagnosis and management of ocular disease. The expanding scope of measurements possible with ocular imaging technology is resulting in even more accurate diagnostic and prognostic clinical instruments and progressing our understanding of the eye’s structural and functional properties. 3 On the other hand, brain imaging technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging4, 5 and diffusion tensor tractography6 are not yet widely utilized in the clinical management of visual disorders. This is likely to change. There is increasing evidence that the impact of ocular disease on visual function cannot be fully understood without considering associated changes in the structure and function of the brain. 7 Furthermore, attempts to restore vision using electrical prosthetics8–10 or regenerative medicine11 require an understanding of the entire visual pathway in patients with vision loss. For example, any neurodegenerative effects of long-term visual cortex deafferentation will limit the extent to which vision can be recovered when retinal input to the brain is restored. Therefore future advances in the field of vision restoration are likely to rely critically on information from a combination of both eye and brain imaging techniques.This feature issue had two main goals. The first was to identify new imaging technologies and recent progress in established imaging methodologies that can be applied to the visual system. The second was to highlight advances in our understanding of the visual system and visual disorders that have been achieved through the use of imaging techniques. These broad goals allowed us to assemble a collection of papers that span the entire visual system from the cornea to the extrastriate visual cortex. The feature issue begins with two invited reviews that together provide comprehensive overviews of both retinal and brain imaging. The first review, by Jessica Morgan, describes recent developments in retinal imaging resulting from the use of novel OCT techniques, adaptive optics and their combination. 3 These techniques allow for detailed, cellular level imaging of retinal layers and vasculature, visualization of the photoreceptor mosaic (both cones and