Sandy beaches at the brink
Sandy beaches at the brink
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1472-4642.2007.00363.x
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Defeo, Omar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schlacher, Thomas A.;Dugan, Jenifer;Defeo, Omar
世界上大部分海洋都有沙滩，受到社会的高度重视：使用沙滩的人比任何其他类型的海岸都多。虽然海滩的经济和社会价值通常被认为是最重要的，但沙滩也具有特殊的生态特征，并包含通常不被认识到的独特的生物多样性。这些独特的生态系统正面临着不断升级的人为压力，主要来自贪婪的沿海开发、人类的直接利用（主要与娱乐有关）以及海平面上升。海滩日益陷入陆地人口激增和海洋全球气候变化影响之间的“沿海挤压”。社会为应对海滩环境变化（例如侵蚀和海岸线退缩）而采取的干预措施（例如海岸线防护、海滩营养）可能会在局部范围内造成严重的生态影响和生物多样性丧失，但预计也会在全球范围内产生累积性的大规模后果。由于这个问题的规模，海滩作为功能性生态系统的持续存在可能取决于直接的保护工作。反过来，保护工作将不得不越来越多地利用这些生态系统的综合生态理论。尽管这一理论体系尚未完全发展，但我们在此确定了推进沿海管理和沙滩生态系统保护所需的一些关键研究方向。
Sandy beaches line most of the world's oceans and are highly valued by society: more people use sandy beaches than any other type of shore. While the economic and social values of beaches are generally regarded as paramount, sandy shores also have special ecological features and contain a distinctive biodiversity that is generally not recognized. These unique ecosystems are facing escalating anthropogenic pressures, chiefly from rapacious coastal development, direct human uses - mainly associated with recreation - and rising sea levels. Beaches are increasingly becoming trapped in a 'coastal squeeze' between burgeoning human populations from the land and the effects of global climate change from the sea. Society's interventions (e.g. shoreline armouring, beach nourishment) to combat changes in beach environments, such as erosion and shoreline retreat, can result in severe ecological impacts and loss of biodiversity at local scales, but are predicted also to have cumulative large-scale consequences worldwide. Because of the scale of this problem, the continued existence of beaches as functional ecosystems is likely to depend on direct conservation efforts. Conservation, in turn, will have to increasingly draw on a consolidated body of ecological theory for these ecosystems. Although this body of theory has yet to be fully developed, we identify here a number of critical research directions that are required to progress coastal management and conservation of sandy beach ecosystems.