Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children
Social supports and serotonin transporter gene moderate depression in maltreated children
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0404376101
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发表时间：
2004-12-07
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gelernter, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaufman, J;Yang, BZ;Gelernter, J
在这项研究中，发现社会支持的质量和可用性的测量可以减轻与虐待史和血清素转运蛋白基因启动子多态性（5-HTTLPR）短等位基因（5-HTTLPR）的存在相关的抑郁症风险。本研究 (i) 重复了成人研究，表明 5-HTTLPR 变异可缓解压力后抑郁症的发展，(ii) 将这一发现扩展到儿童，(iii) 证明社会支持有能力进一步缓解抑郁症风险。具有 s/s 基因型且没有积极支持的受虐待儿童的抑郁评分最高，其分数是具有相同基因型的未受虐待对照儿童的两倍。然而，积极支持的存在降低了与虐待和 s/s 基因型相关的风险，因此具有这种特征的受虐待儿童的抑郁评分仅略有增加。这些发现与新出现的临床前和临床数据一致，表明与早期应激相关的负面后遗症并非不可避免。负面结果的风险可能会受到遗传和环境因素的影响，社会支持的质量和可用性是促进受虐待儿童恢复能力的最重要的环境因素之一，即使存在预期会导致精神疾病脆弱性的基因型。
In this study, measures of the quality and availability of social supports were found to moderate risk for depression associated with a history of maltreatment and the presence of the short (s) allele of the serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). The present investigation (i) replicates research in adults showing that 5-HTTLPR variation moderates the development of depression after stress, (ii) extends the finding to children, and (iii) demonstrates the ability of social supports to further moderate risk for depression. Maltreated children with the s/s genotype and no positive supports had the highest depression ratings, scores that were twice as high as the non-maltreated comparison children with the same genotype. However, the presence of positive supports reduced risk associated with maltreatment and the s/s genotype, such that maltreated children with this profile had only minimal increases in their depression scores. These findings are consistent with emerging preclinical and clinical data suggesting that the negative sequelae associated with early stress are not inevitable. Risk for negative outcomes may be modified by both genetic and environmental factors, with the quality and availability of social supports among the most important environmental factors in promoting resiliency in maltreated children, even in the presence of a genotype expected to confer vulnerability for psychiatric disorder.