Moving on land: an explanation of pedometer counts in children
Moving on land: an explanation of pedometer counts in children
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DOI：
10.1007/s00421-004-1227-x
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Wickel, EE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenmann, JC;Wickel, EE
计步器已成为测量人类身体活动的流行仪器。计步器记录身体活动作为一个简单的，原始的衡量走动运动：采取的步骤数。在儿科研究中使用计步器的两个基本问题是：儿童一天走多少步？孩子每天应该积累多少步？这就提出了一个问题：考虑到身高和步幅的差异，6岁和12岁的孩子走13,000步的体力活动量是一样的吗？虽然先前的作者得出结论，无论身体大小，儿童的步数都是等量的身体活动，但该结论尚未通过科学原理或经验基础来解释，这取决于陆地运动和身体大小的能量学和力学。解释这个问题的一种方法是异速生长比例法，长期以来，比较生理学家一直使用这种方法来显示从鼩 鼱到大象等动物的身体大小和运动之间的关系。本文的目的是使用异速生长方程，比较哺乳动物生理学的例子，和以前的论文，研究了儿童运动的成本，以提供一个更好的理解在儿科研究中的计步器的解释的结果。我们表明，经验得出的结果确认异速生长方程，考虑身体大小和地面运动之间的关系，以覆盖一个给定的距离在一个给定的速度。因此，在较小的儿童中，为完成特定任务所采取的步骤数量和所消耗的能量更大。然而，如果运动的成本与一步有关，那么动物无论大小都倾向于同样经济。因此，步数计测量的步数可以被解释为6岁和12岁之间的身体活动的等效水平，如果以相同的速度进行。然而，日常生活中的运动活动包括步行和上下坡跑步，携带负载，以及不同的速度或工作强度，这证明了计步器的局限性。总之，本文提供了一个更好的理解计步器计数的解释，并强调，研究结果取决于身体活动的表达。
The pedometer has become a popular instrument to measure physical activity in humans. The pedometer records physical activity as a simple, raw measure of ambulatory movement: the number of steps taken. Two fundamental questions of the use of the pedometer in pediatric research are: How many steps do children take in a day? How many steps should children accumulate on a daily basis? This raises the question: is 13,000 steps the same amount of physical activity in a 6-year-old and a 12-year-old, given the difference in body size and stride length? Although previous authors have concluded that the number of steps taken is an equivalent amount of physical activity in children regardless of body size, the conclusion has not been explained by a scientific rationale or on an empirical basis depending on the energetics and mechanics of terrestrial locomotion and body size. One approach to explain this question is allometric scaling, which has long been utilized by comparative physiologists to show the relationships between body size and locomotion in animals from shrews to elephants. The aim of this paper was to use allometric equations, examples from comparative mammalian physiology, and results from previous papers that have examined the cost of locomotion in children to provide a better understanding of the interpretation of the pedometer in pediatric research. We show that empirically derived results confirm to allometric equations that consider the relationship between body size and terrestrial locomotion to cover a given distance at a given speed. Thus, the number of steps taken and the energy expended for a particular task is greater in smaller children. However, if the cost of locomotion is related to one step, animals tend to be equally economical, whether large or small. Therefore, the number of steps taken as measured by a pedometer may be interpreted as an equivalent level of physical activity between a 6-year-old and a 12-year-old, if taken at the same speed. However, the locomotor activities in daily life consist of walking and running up- and downhill, carrying loads, and at varying speeds or work intensities, and this exemplifies the limitations of the pedometer. In conclusion, this paper provides a better understanding of the interpretation of pedometer counts and highlights that the findings depend on the expression of physical activity.