Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how).
Preclinical tendon and ligament models: Beyond the 3Rs (replacement, reduction, and refinement) to 5W1H (why, who, what, where, when, how).
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临床前肌腱和韧带模型：超越 3R（替换、减少和细化）到 5W1H（为什么、谁、什么、何地、何时、如何）。
DOI：
10.1002/jor.25678
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Zhao,Chunf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Little,Dianne;Amadio,PeterC;Awad,HaniA;Cone,StephanieG;Dyment,NathanielA;Fisher,MatthewB;Huang,AliceH;Koch,DrewW;Kuntz,AndrewF;Madi,Rashad;McGilvray,Kirk;Schnabel,LaurenV;Shetye,SnehalS;Thomopoulos,Stavros;Zhao,Chunf
2022年5月5日至7日在宾夕法尼亚大学举行的2022年骨科研究学会肌腱节会议上介绍了几种肌腱和韧带动物模型。本次会议分组会议的一个关键目标是为该领域制定指南，包括临床前肌腱和韧带动物模型。这篇综述总结了专家们对8种手术小动物和大动物模型的观点，这些模型包括肩袖撕裂、屈肌腱横断、前交叉韧带撕裂和跟腱损伤，使用的框架是：“为什么、谁、什么、在哪里、何时和如何”（5W1H）。一个值得注意的结论是，完美的肌腱模型并不存在;没有一个金标准的动物模型，代表肌腱和韧带疾病的整体。每一种模式都有其优缺点，应根据具体的研究问题加以认真考虑。也有一些情况下，动物模型不是最好的方法。各种各样的肌腱和韧带病理需要在计划阶段在小型和大型动物模型、不同的解剖部位以及与每个模型相关的一系列因素之间进行选择。与会者同意了一些指导原则，包括：为所选模型提供明确的理由，在出版时提供动物模型的细节，鼓励分享协议和专业知识，改善研究人员的培训，并考虑与兽医进行更大的合作。从动物模型到临床实践的清晰路径也被认为是加速肌腱和韧带领域进展的关键下一步。
Several tendon and ligament animal models were presented at the 2022 Orthopaedic Research Society Tendon Section Conference held at the University of Pennsylvania, May 5 to 7, 2022. A key objective of the breakout sessions at this meeting was to develop guidelines for the field, including for preclinical tendon and ligament animal models. This review summarizes the perspectives of experts for eight surgical small and large animal models of rotator cuff tear, flexor tendon transection, anterior cruciate ligament tear, and Achilles tendon injury using the framework: “Why, Who, What, Where, When, and How” (5W1H). A notable conclusion is that the perfect tendon model does not exist; there is no single gold standard animal model that represents the totality of tendon and ligament disease. Each model has advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully considered in light of the specific research question. There are also circumstances when an animal model is not the best approach. The wide variety of tendon and ligament pathologies necessitates choices between small and large animal models, different anatomic sites, and a range of factors associated with each model during the planning phase. Attendees agreed on some guiding principles including: providing clear justification for the model selected, providing animal model details at publication, encouraging sharing of protocols and expertise, improving training of research personnel, and considering greater collaboration with veterinarians. A clear path for translating from animal models to clinical practice was also considered as a critical next step for accelerating progress in the tendon and ligament field.