Nature Of The Forward Current In Germanium Point Contacts
Nature Of The Forward Current In Germanium Point Contacts
复制标题
锗点接触中正向电流的性质
DOI：
10.1109/jproc.1998.658754
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发表时间：
1948
影响因子：
20.6
通讯作者：
J. Bardeen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Brattain;J. Bardeen
取10 ohm-cm和0.0025 cm作为典型值，公式给出2000 ohm。实际上，1伏时的正向电流可能高达5至10 mA，而微分电阻不超过几百欧姆。Bray 2试图通过假设电阻率随着场的增加而减小来解释这种差异，并进行了测试以观察这种效应。与前一封信中讨论的半导体晶体管的发展有关，3通过探针测量点附近的电势，研究了过量电导率的性质。4测量是在厚块的平面上进行的。在不同的测试中，除了通常用于制备整流器的蚀刻之外，还使用了各种表面处理，例如阳极氧化、氧化和喷砂。距离载流点一定距离处的电位是相对于底座处的大面积低电阻触点测量的。在图1中，我们绘制了通过研磨和蚀刻，然后在空气中在500 ℃下氧化一小时制备的表面的一些典型数据。对于电阻率均匀的物体，纵坐标应是一个大小等于的常数。实际上，它被发现的比率是远远小于在小距离的点，并增加，接近的值在大的距离渐近。
Taking as typical values 10 ohm-cm and 0.0025 cm the formula gives 2000 ohms. Actually the forward current at one volt may be as large as 5 to 10 mA, and the differential resistance is not more than a few hundred ohms. Bray 2 has attempted to account for this discrepancy by assuming that the resistivity decreases with increasing field, and has made tests to observe such an effect. In connection with the development of the semiconductor triode discussed in the preceding letter, 3 the nature of the excess conductivity has been investigated by means of probe measurements of the potential in the vicinity of the point.4 Measurements were made on the plane surface of a thick block. Various surface treatments, such as anodizing, oxidizing, and sand blasting were used in different tests, in addition to the etch customarily employed in the preparation of rectifiers. The potential, , at a distance from a point carrying a current, , is measured relative to a large area low resistance contact at the base. In Fig. 1, we have plotted some typical data for a surface prepared by grinding and etching, and then oxidizing in air at 500 C for one hour. The ordinate is which for a body of uniform resistivity, , should be a constant equal in magnitude to . Actually it is found that the ratio is much less than at small distances from the point, and increases with , approaching the value asymptotically at large distances.