Monks, Aristocrats, and Justice: Twelfth-Century Monastic Advocacy in a European Perspective
Monks, Aristocrats, and Justice: Twelfth-Century Monastic Advocacy in a European Perspective
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僧侣、贵族和正义：欧洲视角下的十二世纪修道院倡导
作者：
West C
大约在1250年左右，尼德拉泰奇的巴伐利亚和尚赫尔曼撰写了一篇关于曾为他的修道院担任倡导者的贵族的短篇论文。除了提供追溯到10世纪的盆栽历史，修道院院长赫尔曼非常清楚地解释了为什么像他这样的修道院首先需要这些人物，从而赢得了未来历史学家的感激之情。他写道，有很多理由，但他挑出了两个：教堂需要倡导者来保护他们的土地，他们需要倡导者来行使正义。赫尔曼解释说：“因为，”赫尔曼解释说，“审判血腥并不关乎神职人员的尊严。”因此，处理盗窃、谋杀、强奸和其他死罪需要门外汉的参与。1赫尔曼当然是为一个特定的目的而写的，他的相对较短的论文《倡导者的阿尔泰亨西布斯》并没有广泛流传。尽管如此，它仍然是一部经常被引用的作品，因为它是为数不多的对历史学家长期以来认为非常重要的主题进行概述的中世纪文献之一。2像Niederaltaich的那些倡导者是中世纪德国中部贵族社会熟悉的一部分，尽管他们很少得到赫尔曼提供的那样的重点治疗，但他们经常出现在修道院的历史写作中，确实出现在其他修道院的文字作品中，如信件，最重要的是，正如我们将看到的那样。它们在现代研究中也很重要，因为像赫尔曼这样的修道院的倡导被公认为具有
Around the year 1250, the Bavarian monk Hermann of Niederaltaich composed a short treatise about the aristocrats who had served as advocates (advocati) for his monastery. As well as providing a potted history reaching back into the tenth century, Abbot Hermann earned future historians’ gratitude by explaining very clearly why monasteries like his needed these figures in the first place. There were, he wrote, many reasons, but he picked out two: churches needed advocates to protect their lands, and they needed advocates for the exercise of justice.“For,” explained Hermann,“it does not pertain to clerical dignity to exercise judgment of blood,” so dealing with theft, murder, rape, and other capital offences required a layman’s involvement. 1Hermann was of course writing for a particular purpose, and his relatively short treatise, De advocatis Altahensibus, did not circulate widely. It is nevertheless an often-cited work, since it is one of the few medieval texts to provide an overview of a topic that historians have long recognized to be of great importance. 2 Advocates such as those of Niederaltaich were a familiar part of aristocratic society in central medieval Germany, and though they seldom received such focused treatment as that provided by Hermann, they make frequent appearances in monastic history writing, and indeed in other monastic textual productions, such as letters and, above all, charters, as we shall see. They loom large too in modern research, since the advocacy of monasteries such as Hermann’s is acknowledged to have
大学与世纪之间：西格伯特·德·让布卢克斯 (Sigebert de Gembloux)，一位历史学家
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
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影响因子：
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作者：
M. Chazan
通讯作者：
M. Chazan
梦游新世界：12世纪意大利城市公社的出现
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
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影响因子：
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作者：
R. Houghton
通讯作者：
R. Houghton