Puzzling out plant reproduction by haploid induction for innovations in plant breeding
Puzzling out plant reproduction by haploid induction for innovations in plant breeding
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DOI：
10.1038/s41477-020-0664-9
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发表时间：
2020-06-08
期刊：
影响因子：
18
通讯作者：
Widiez, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacquier, Nathanael M. A.;Gilles, Laurine M.;Widiez, Thomas
在胚胎中混合母本和父本基因组不仅对有性繁殖的进化成功负责，也是植物育种的基石。然而，一旦获得了有趣的基因组合，进一步的基因混合就成了问题。为了快速修复遗传信息，可以产生加倍的单倍体植株：允许发育只有一个亲本的遗传信息的单倍体胚胎，染色体加倍产生完全纯合的植株。单倍体诱导系是产生加倍单倍体的有效途径。单倍体诱导系与待确定基因组合的品系之间的简单杂交将触发单倍体胚胎发育。然而，植物单倍体诱导背后的确切机制仍然是一个永恒的谜。最近在玉米作物和拟南芥模型中发现的触发单倍体诱导的分子因子精确地指出了与配子发育、配子相互作用和基因组稳定性相关的过程的重要作用。这些发现使得将单倍体诱导能力转移到其他作物以及使用单倍体诱导系将基因组编辑机器传递到各种作物品种中成为可能。这些最新进展不仅为下一代植物育种策略提供了希望，而且也为深入了解植物有性繁殖的基本基础提供了更深入的见解。本文综述了植物单倍体诱导系统的最新进展，以及这些进展如何有助于我们理解植物繁殖和植物育种的创新。
Mixing maternal and paternal genomes in embryos is not only responsible for the evolutionary success of sexual reproduction, but is also a cornerstone of plant breeding. However, once an interesting gene combination is obtained, further genetic mixing is problematic. To rapidly fix genetic information, doubled haploid plants can be produced: haploid embryos having solely the genetic information from one parent are allowed to develop, and chromosome doubling generates fully homozygous plants. A powerful path to the production of doubled haploids is based on haploid inducer lines. A simple cross between a haploid inducer line and the line with gene combinations to be fixed will trigger haploid embryo development. However, the exact mechanism behind in planta haploid induction remains an enduring mystery. The recent discoveries of molecular actors triggering haploid induction in the maize crop and the model Arabidopsis thaliana pinpoint an essential role of processes related to gamete development, gamete interactions and genome stability. These findings enabled translation of haploid induction capacity to other crops as well as the use of haploid inducer lines to deliver genome editing machinery into various crop varieties. These recent advances not only hold promise for the next generations of plant breeding strategies, but they also provide a deeper insight into the fundamental bases of sexual reproduction in plants.This Perspective summarizes recent advances made on in planta haploid induction systems and how these advances contribute to our understanding of plant reproduction and innovations of plant breeding.