Reduction of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Influencing Factors of Green Space in Urban Forest Park
Reduction of Atmospheric Suspended Particulate Matter Concentration and Influencing Factors of Green Space in Urban Forest Park
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DOI：
10.3390/f11090950
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Qiu, Ling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gao, Tian;Liu, Fang;Qiu, Ling
在我国城市化进程中，大气悬浮颗粒物污染问题日益严重。由于污染源的多样性和复杂性，长期以来完全依靠污染源控制措施来解决这一问题是不可能的。因此，迫切需要探索替代解决方案，通过增加城市绿色空间的容量来显著改善空气质量，因为这些地点可以提供多种生态系统服务。以北京城市森林为研究区域，建立了城市森林的三维分类体系。从气象因子、月份和时间的变化以及森林本身的特点出发，检验了不同植被结构的森林降低大气悬浮颗粒物浓度的意义和差异。结果表明，在本研究条件下，风速、温度、相对湿度等气象因子对大气悬浮颗粒物浓度均有非常显著的影响。浓度以冬季最高，春季和秋季次之，夏季最低。上午浓度最低，中午和下午随时间推移浓度逐渐升高。在封闭的单层混交林中最低，在开放的草坪绿色空间中最高。通过对梯度面积为0. 5 ha和3. 0 ha的森林进行比较，发现随着面积的增加，绿色空间并不一定表现出更好的滞尘效果，绿色空间的植被结构类型往往有更重要的影响。植被结构与植物多样性指数（Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数）呈极显著相关。生物多样性可以显著支持和加强城市森林改善空气质量的生态服务功能。增加植物物种多样性可以降低颗粒物浓度。研究结论可为以改善空气质量为导向的城市森林规划设计中如何选择植被结构组合提供理论和实践依据。
In the process of urbanization in China, the problem of atmospheric suspended particulate matter pollution is becoming increasingly serious. It has been impossible to completely rely on pollution source control measures to solve this problem for a long time due to the diversity and complexity of pollution sources. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternate solutions to significantly improve air quality through increasing the capacity of green space in cities as these locations can provide multiple ecosystem services. In this study, a three-dimensional classification system was created by utilizing Beijing's urban forest as a study area. Considering the meteorological factors, change of month and time and the characteristics of the forest itself, the significance and difference of reducing the concentration of atmospheric suspended particulate matter by the forest with different vegetation structures were tested. The results showed that meteorological factors such as wind velocity, temperature, and relative humidity all had a very significant effect on the concentration of atmospheric suspended particulate matter in the conditions of this study. The concentration was highest in winter, followed by spring and autumn, and lowest in summer. The concentration in the morning was the lowest of the day, increasing in the noon and afternoon with time. It was the lowest in the closed single-layered mixed forest, and the highest in the open lawn green space. By comparing the forest with gradient areas of 0.5 ha and 3.0 ha, it was found that with the increase in the area, the green space did not necessarily show a better dust retention effect, and the vegetation structure type of the green space often had more important influence. There was a very significant correlation between vegetation structure and plant diversity (Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index and Simpson Diversity Index). Biodiversity could significantly support and strengthen urban forest ecological service functions that improve air quality. Increasing the plant species diversity could lead to lower particulate matter concentration. The research conclusions could provide theoretical and practical bases for how to select the combination of vegetation structure in the planning and design of urban forest oriented to improve air quality.