Animals as sentinels: using comparative medicine to move beyond the laboratory.
Animals as sentinels: using comparative medicine to move beyond the laboratory.
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动物作为哨兵：利用比较医学走出实验室。
DOI：
10.1093/ilar.51.3.262
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Conti,LisaA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rabinowitz,PeterM;Scotch,MatthewL;Conti,LisaA
将比较医学方法应用于实验动物的研究，以改善人类健康，取得了重要的医学和科学进步。关于环境中存在的许多有毒和传染性危险的人类健康风险的大部分已知来自动物实验研究和对暴露于环境中的人类人口的观察性(流行病学)研究。然而，关于宿主-环境相互作用的第三个“体内”知识来源可能没有得到充分利用和探索：对自然发生的动物种群中可能发出潜在人类健康威胁信号的疾病的研究。正如金丝雀警告煤矿工人有毒气体的危险一样，其他非人类动物，由于它们更容易受到影响，暴露在环境中，或寿命较短，可能会成为人类环境健康危害的“哨兵”。传统上，人类和动物卫生专业人员之间关于跨物种哨兵事件的交流一直是有限的，但比较基因组学、动物流行病学和生物信息学的进展现在可以为这种交流提供一个更好的论坛。“一个健康”的概念涉及走向一种比较临床方法，考虑人类和动物之间的“共同风险”，并促进人类和动物健康专业人员之间更大的合作和协作，以识别和减少此类风险。在这样做的同时，它也为比较医学领域创造了新的机会，可以补充传统的实验动物研究。
The comparative medicine approach, as applied to the study of laboratory animals for the betterment of human health, has resulted in important medical and scientific progress. Much of what is known about the human health risks of many toxic and infectious hazards present in the environment derives from experimental studies in animals and observational (epidemiological) studies of exposed human populations. Yet there is a third source of “in vivo” knowledge about host-environment interactions that may be underused and -explored: the study of diseases in naturally occurring animal populations that may signal potential human health threats. Just as canaries warned coal miners of the risk of toxic gases, other nonhuman animals, due to their greater susceptibility, environmental exposure, or shorter life span, may serve as “sentinels” for human environmental health hazards. Traditionally, communication between human and animal health professionals about cross-species sentinel events has been limited, but progress in comparative genomics, animal epidemiology, and bioinformatics can now provide an enhanced forum for such communication. The “One Health” concept involves moving toward a comparative clinical approach that considers “shared risks” between humans and animals and promotes greater cooperation and collaboration between human and animal health professionals to identify and reduce such risks. In doing so, it also creates new opportunities for the field of comparative medicine that can supplement traditional laboratory animal research.