Link layer behavior of body area networks at 2.4 GHz
Link layer behavior of body area networks at 2.4 GHz
复制标题
DOI：
10.1145/1614320.1614347
复制
发表时间：
2009-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Natarajan;B. D. Silva;Kok-Kiong Yap;M. Motani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Natarajan;B. D. Silva;Kok-Kiong Yap;M. Motani
体域网（BAN）可以在不同的环境中执行对患者生理信号的连续、远程监测的任务。除了为医疗保健专业人员提供患者生理历史的大量日志外，BAN还可用于识别紧急情况并做出反应。我们确定了三个重要的因素，影响BAN的无线通信：在BAN中常用的频率，在移动的和时变环境中的有效操作，以及对紧急情况的快速响应的关键任务的要求的无线电波的人体的不可渗透性。了解放置在身体上的无线传感器节点的链路层行为对于解决这些和其他挑战（例如降低能耗和增加网络寿命）至关重要。在本文中，我们调查链路层的行为，将节点的身体和直接测量的数据包传输率（PDR）和RSSI等工程师感兴趣的指标。模拟一个可能的现实生活中的BAN操作在2.4 GHz频段与12个传感器节点，我们收集了超过80小时的数据，从14名志愿者在3 $不同的环境中，BAN预计将在。我们分析的数据，揭示几个链路层的特点，提供洞察力和BAN的设计指导方针。我们还评估了常见的路由指标对我们的数据的性能。我们的分析有助于我们得出以下结论。Link PDR受环境的影响很大，而受实验志愿者的影响并不显著。在身体的同一侧上的节点之间的路由优选于在相对侧上的节点之间的路由。对于具有相同源的链路，在某些情况下，到某个节点的分组传输失败意味着其他节点接收的概率增加。大多数错误发生在长度为1的突发中，但也有一小部分发生在较长的时间内（40 $包或更长）。
Body Area Networks (BANs) can perform the task of continuous, remote monitoring of a patient's physiological signals in diverse environments. Apart from providing healthcare professionals with extensive logs of a patient's physiological history, BANs can be used to identify and react to emergency situations. We identify three important factors that afflict wireless communication in BANs: impermeability of the human body to radio waves at frequencies commonly used in BANs, efficient operation in mobile and time-varying environments, and mission-critical requirements for quick response to emergencies. An understanding of the link layer behavior of wireless sensor nodes placed on the body is crucial to address these and other challenges such as reducing energy consumption and increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we investigate link layer behavior by placing nodes on the body and directly measuring metrics of interest to engineers such as packet delivery ratio (PDR) and RSSI. Emulating a possible real-life BAN operating at the 2.4 GHz band with 12 sensor nodes, we collect over 80 hours of data from 14 volunteers in $3$ different environments that BANs are expected to operate in. We analyze the data to reveal several link layer characteristics to provide insight and guidelines for the designing of BANs. We also evaluate the performance of common routing metrics on our data. Our analysis helps us make the following conclusions. Link PDR is highly affected by the environment and not significantly by the volunteer for the experiment. Routing between nodes on the same side of the body is preferred to routing between nodes on the opposite sides. For links with the same source, failure of packet transmission to a certain node, in some cases, implies the increased probability of reception for other nodes. Most errors occur in bursts of length 1, but a small fraction occur in longer periods ($40$ packets or more).