The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain drain.
The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain drain.
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DOI：
10.1186/1478-4491-2-17
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发表时间：
2004-12-14
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Hart, L Gary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hagopian, Amy;Thompson, Matthew J;Hart, L Gary
背景：本文的目的是描述在撒哈拉以南非洲接受培训的医生移民到美国的数量、特征和趋势。方法：我们使用美国医学协会2002年的主档案来识别和描述在撒哈拉以南非洲接受医学培训，目前在美国执业的医生。结果：美国771 491名医生中超过23%在美国以外接受过医疗培训，其中大多数（64%）在低收入或中低收入国家。来自撒哈拉以南非洲的医生总数为5334人，占目前撒哈拉以南非洲执业医生总数的6%以上。这些在美国执业的非洲人中，近86%来自三个国家：尼日利亚、南非和加纳。此外，79%的人仅在10所医学院接受过培训。结论：医生从贫穷国家向富裕国家的迁移导致了全球卫生人力的不平衡，这可能对来源国的卫生系统有害。5000多名医生从撒哈拉以南非洲移民到美国，对非洲医生与人口的比例产生了显著的负面影响。研究发现，大部分移民只来自少数几个国家和医学院，这表明只有在少数几个地方进行政策干预才能有效遏制人才流失。
BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper is to describe the numbers, characteristics, and trends in the migration to the United States of physicians trained in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We used the American Medical Association 2002 Masterfile to identify and describe physicians who received their medical training in sub-Saharan Africa and are currently practicing in the USA. RESULTS: More than 23% of America's 771 491 physicians received their medical training outside the USA, the majority (64%) in low-income or lower middle-income countries. A total of 5334 physicians from sub-Saharan Africa are in that group, a number that represents more than 6% of the physicians practicing in sub-Saharan Africa now. Nearly 86% of these Africans practicing in the USA originate from only three countries: Nigeria, South Africa and Ghana. Furthermore, 79% were trained at only 10 medical schools. CONCLUSIONS: Physician migration from poor countries to rich ones contributes to worldwide health workforce imbalances that may be detrimental to the health systems of source countries. The migration of over 5000 doctors from sub-Saharan Africa to the USA has had a significantly negative effect on the doctor-to-population ratio of Africa. The finding that the bulk of migration occurs from only a few countries and medical schools suggests policy interventions in only a few locations could be effective in stemming the brain drain.