Why Do Ideas Get More Creative Across Time? An Executive Interpretation of the Serial Order Effect in Divergent Thinking Tasks
Why Do Ideas Get More Creative Across Time? An Executive Interpretation of the Serial Order Effect in Divergent Thinking Tasks
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DOI：
10.1037/a0029171
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Silvia, Paul J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beaty, Roger E.;Silvia, Paul J.
序列顺序效应（serial order effect），即对发散性思维任务的后期反应比早期反应更好的趋势，是现代创造性工作中最古老、最有力的发现之一。但为什么想法会变得更好？使用新的方法，提供了一个细粒度的时间轨迹看，我们对比了两种解释：经典的扩散激活帐户和一个新的帐户的基础上执行和战略方面的创造性思维。在完成测量流体智力和个性后，年轻人（n = 133）完成了10分钟的不寻常用途任务。每个回答都有时间戳，然后由三名评分员对创造力进行评分。多水平结构方程模型估计了创造力和流畅性随时间的变化轨迹，并测试了智力是否会调节时间的影响。与以往的研究一样，创造力随着时间的推移而急剧上升，到任务结束时略有下降，流畅性在任务的第一分钟最高，然后急剧下降。然而，随着智力的增加，序列顺序效应减弱，智力调节了序列顺序效应。总的来说，研究结果更符合这样一种观点，即强调执行过程，特别是涉及知识的战略检索和操纵的过程，而不是简单地将激活传播到越来越遥远的概念。
The serial order effect the tendency for later responses to a divergent thinking task to be better than earlier ones is one of the oldest and most robust findings in modern creativity work. But why do ideas get better? Using new methods that afford a fine-grained look at temporal trajectories, we contrasted two explanations: the classic spreading activation account and a new account based on executive and strategic aspects of creative thought. After completing measures of fluid intelligence and personality, a sample of young adults (n = 133) completed a 10-min unusual uses task. Each response was time-stamped and then rated for creativity by three raters. Multilevel structural equation models estimated the trajectories of creativity and fluency across time and tested if intelligence moderated the effects of time. As in past work, creativity increased sharply with time and flattened slightly by the task's end, and fluency was highest in the task's first minute and then dropped sharply. Intelligence, however, moderated the serial order effect as intelligence increased the serial order effect diminished. Taken together, the findings are more consistent with a view that emphasizes executive processes, particularly processes involved in the strategic retrieval and manipulation of knowledge, than the simple spreading of activation to increasingly remote concepts.