Molecular evolution of the GATA family of transcription factors: Conservation within the DNA-binding domain
Molecular evolution of the GATA family of transcription factors: Conservation within the DNA-binding domain
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DOI：
10.1007/s002399910012
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Atchley, WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lowry, JA;Atchley, WR
GATA结合转录因子包括一个蛋白质家族，其成员含有一个或两个高度保守的锌指DNA结合结构域。已在从细胞黏菌到脊椎动物（包括植物、真菌、线虫、昆虫和棘皮动物）的生物体中鉴定出该组的成员。虽然已经做了大量的工作，描述了许多这些蛋白质的表达模式，功能方面和靶基因，整个家族的进化分析一直缺乏。在这里，我们表明，只有C-末端锌指（Cf）和碱性结构域，它们共同构成的GATA结合结构域，是保守的整个蛋白质家族。氨基酸序列的系统发育分析表明不同的进化途径。从脊椎动物中分离的加塔因子的分析表明，六种不同的脊椎动物GATA是从一个共同的祖先序列的后裔，而那些从非脊椎动物中分离出来的（除了真菌AREA直系同源物和拟南芥旁系同源物）似乎只在DNA结合结构域内相关，否则对它们的进化历史几乎没有什么了解。这些结果表明多种模式的进化，包括基因复制和模块化的加塔因素的基础上列入IV类锌指基序的进化。因此，加塔转录因子代表一组仅通过其同源DNA结合结构域相关的蛋白质。进一步分析该结构域检查在每个氨基酸位点的保守程度，使用玻尔兹曼熵测量，从而确定关键的结构和功能的保护残基，最后，我们构建了一个预测的基序，可以准确地识别潜在的加塔蛋白。
The GATA-binding transcription factors comprise a protein family whose members contain either one or two highly conserved zinc finger DNA-binding domains. Members of this group have been identified in organisms ranging from cellular slime mold to vertebrates, including plants, fungi, nematodes, insects, and echinoderms. While much work has been done describing the expression patterns, functional aspects, and target genes for many of these proteins, an evolutionary analysis of the entire family has been lacking. Herein we show that,only the C-terminal zinc finger (Cf) and basic domain, which together constitute the GATA-binding domain, are conserved throughout this protein family. Phylogenetic analyses of amino acid sequences demonstrate distinct evolutionary pathways. Analysis of GATA factors isolated from vertebrates suggests that the six distinct vertebrate GATAs are descended from a common ancestral sequence, while those isolated from nonvertebrates (with the exception of the fungal AREA orthologues and Arabidopsis paralogues) appear to be related only within the DNA-binding domain and otherwise provide little insight into their evolutionary history. These results suggest multiple modes of evolution, including gene duplication and modular evolution of GATA factors based upon inclusion of a class IV zinc finger motif. As such, GATA transcription factors represent a group of proteins related solely by their homologous DNA-binding domains. Further analysis of this domain examines the degree of conservation at each amino acid site using the Boltzmann entropy measure, thereby identifying residues critical to preservation of structure and function, Finally, we construct a predictive motif that can accurately identify potential GATA proteins.