The inter-play between formal and informal practices
The inter-play between formal and informal practices
复制标题
正式和非正式实践之间的相互作用
DOI：
10.1080/15705850600839470
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Liefferink
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. V. van Tatenhove;J. Mak;D. Liefferink
摘要本文探讨了欧盟正式政治与非正式政治之间的互动。首先，它认为，与其他政治制度相比，欧盟是这种互动的特殊环境，这是其快速的制度发展和多层次性质的结果。然后，它简要地讨论了非正式的新的制度主义和治理方法，以及非正式做法背后的战略动机。区分了四种这样的战略。在合作的一端，非正式做法可能被用作应用现有规则的润滑剂，或用作试验新规则的试验园。更具冲突性的战略可能旨在改变政策实质或适用现有规则(关键声音)，或者更确切地说，是为了绕过这些规则。在此基础上，文章提出了实践的“阶段性”，以此作为理解正式和非正式实践相互作用的一种方式。非正式性可以发生在预先给定规则的前台设置中，也可以发生在没有预先给定规则的后台设置中，同时这些设置可以被正式批准或不被正式批准。除了正式的前台实践之外，这可能会导致三种类型的非正式实践：非正式的前台实践、正式批准的后台实践和“亚政治”。
Abstract This article deals with the interaction between formal and informal politics in the EU. First of all, it argues that the EU is a special setting for such interaction, as compared to other political systems, as a result of its speedy institutional development and multi-layered nature. Then, it briefly addresses new institutionalist and governance approaches to informality, as well as the strategic motivations behind informal practices. Four such strategies are distinguished. At the co-operative end of the spectrum informal practices may be intended either as a lubricant for applying existing rules or as an experimental garden for trying out new rules. More conflictual strategies may aim at re-directing policy substance or the application of existing rules (critical voice) or rather at circumventing those rules. On that basis, the article presents the ‘staging’ of practices as a way to understand the interplay of formal and informal practices. Informality can take place in front stage settings where rules are pre-given or in backstage settings where rules are not pre-given, while at the same time these settings can be formally sanctioned or not. Besides formal front stage practices this may result in three types of informal practices: informal front stage practices, formally sanctioned backstage practices and ‘sub-politics’.