Heat conduction by liquid helium II in capilliary tubes. I: Transition to supercritical conduction
Heat conduction by liquid helium II in capilliary tubes. I: Transition to supercritical conduction
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液氦 II 在毛细管中的热传导。
DOI：
10.1080/14786436108238369
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发表时间：
1961
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
D. Edwards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Brewer;D. Edwards
摘要测量了液氦在直径为52.0微米、107.6微米和366微米的毛细管中的热传导。亚临界流动的结果已经在前面描述过，而本文关注的是在过渡区到超临界传导的观察。转变的突出特征是：(i)热阻的自发波动；（ii）在宽管中低温电阻的迟滞效应非常大，随着λ点的接近而减小，这取决于氦的先前历史；（iii）热阻对机械冲击或振动的敏感性，包括从迟滞回路的一个分支到另一个分支的永久变化。根据费曼的涡旋线理论和维宁的发展，讨论了这些观测结果，其中包括临界速度作为管尺寸和温度的函数的测量，发现这些理论给出了很好的结果。
Abstract Measurements have been made of the heat conduction by liquid helium II in capillary tubes of diameter 52.0 microns, 107.6 microns and 366 microns. The results on subcritical flow have been described previously, and the present paper is concerned with observations in the transition region to supercritical conduction. Outstanding features of the transition are (i) spontaneous fluctuations in the thermal resistance; (ii) very large hysteresis effects in the resistance at low temperatures in the wide tubes, which decrease as the lambda point is approached, and which depend on the previous history of the helium; and (iii) sensitivity of the thermal resistance to mechanical shock or vibration, including permanent changes from one branch of the hysteresis loop to the other. The observations, which include measurements of the critical velocity as a function of tube size and temperature', are discussed in terms of the vortex line theory of Feynman and its development by Vinen, which are found to give good...