Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries
Prototype systems for rechargeable magnesium batteries
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DOI：
10.1038/35037553
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发表时间：
2000-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Levi, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aurbach, D;Lu, Z;Levi, E
镁的热力学性质使其成为二次电池负极材料的自然选择，因为它可以提供比常用的铅酸和镍镉体系高得多的能量密度。此外，与铅和镉相比，镁价格低廉，对环境友好，处理起来也很安全。但镁电池的发展一直受到两个问题的阻碍。首先，由于镁的化学活性，只有既不提供也不接受质子的溶液才适合作为电解液；但大多数这些溶液允许钝化表面膜的生长，这抑制了任何电化学反应(1-3)。其次，正极材料的选择受到了许多主体难以嵌入镁离子的限制(4)。在之前对镁电极在各种非水溶液(1，5)和各种插层电极(6，7)中的电化学研究之后，我们现在已经开发出了具有应用前景的可充电镁电池系统。该体系包括以有机卤代铝酸盐为基础的电解液，以及镁离子可以可逆地嵌入到其中且动力学相对较快的MgxMo3S4阴极。我们预计，能量密度的进一步提高将使这些电池成为现有系统的可行替代品。
The thermodynamic properties of magnesium make it a natural choice for use as an anode material in rechargeable batteries, because it may provide a considerably higher energy density than the commonly used lead-acid and nickel-cadmium systems. Moreover, in contrast to lead and cadmium, magnesium is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and safe to handle. But the development of Mg batteries has been hindered by two problems. First, owing to the chemical activity of Mg, only solutions that neither donate nor accept protons are suitable as electrolytes; but most of these solutions allow the growth of passivating surface films, which inhibit any electrochemical reaction(1-3). Second, the choice of cathode materials has been limited by the difficulty of intercalating Mg ions in many hosts(4). Following previous studies of the electrochemistry of Mg electrodes in various non-aqueous solutions(1,5), and of a variety of intercalation electrodes(6,7), we have now developed rechargeable Mg battery systems that show promise for applications. The systems comprise electrolyte solutions based on Mg organohaloaluminate salts, and MgxMo3S4 cathodes, into which Mg ions can be intercalated reversibly, and with relatively fast kinetics. We expect that further improvements in the energy density will make these batteries a viable alternative to existing systems.