INVESTIGATING THE EVOLUTIONARY EFFECTS OF ONE FEATURE ON ANOTHER - DOES MUSCLE SPREAD SUPPRESS CAUDAL AUTOTOMY IN LIZARDS
INVESTIGATING THE EVOLUTIONARY EFFECTS OF ONE FEATURE ON ANOTHER - DOES MUSCLE SPREAD SUPPRESS CAUDAL AUTOTOMY IN LIZARDS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb01591.x
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发表时间：
1994-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
ARNOLD, EN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ARNOLD, EN
次级进化变化的假设，即某一特征的改变被认为会导致另一特征的改变，可以通过两种主要方式来检验。首先，系统发育学可以用来识别单独的情况，其中一个特征发生了变化，然后可以检查每个情况，看看其他变化是否也发生了，以及感知到的变化顺序是否合适。其次，第二个特征的变化被认为是受到影响的机制可以被仔细审查，在某些情况下，可以进行实验研究。这种方法被应用到最近的一个假设中，即蜥蜴尾部尾部长肌的向后伸展是导致尾巴丧失自动化能力的主要原因。在成年蜥蜴中发现了23至25个独立的完全自切丧失病例。除6例外，其余均无明显的肌肉扩散。在剩下的两例中，肌肉似乎在自体切开术丧失后扩散了，另一例由于有关关系的信息模棱两可，无法进行适当的测试。最后三个病例在自体切断术丧失前表现出尾股长肌的伸展，但后者在遗传肌肉伸展的相关物种中没有发现，这表明可能涉及其他原因。在另外15例中，当自体切开术局限于尾基部时，尾股长肌没有明显的扩散。提出的肌肉伸展和自切肌丧失之间的功能联系也进行了讨论和折扣。
Hypotheses of secondary evolutionary change, where alteration in a particular feature is thought to result in change in another, can be tested in two main ways. First, phylogenies can be used to identify separate cases where one of the features changes and each case can then be examined to see whether the other change also actually takes place and if the perceived sequence of the alterations is appropriate. Secondly, the mechanism by which change in the second feature is supposed to be effected can be scrutinized and, in some cases, subjected to experimental investigation.This approach was applied to a recent hypothesis, that backward spread of the caudifemoralis longus muscle in the tail base of lizards was the primary cause of loss of capacity to autotomize the tail. Some 23 to 25 independent cases of total autotomy loss in adult lizards were identified. In all but six of these there was no substantial spread of the muscle. In two of the remainder, the muscle appears to have spread after autotomy loss, and another case cannot be tested properly as information about relationships is equivocal. The final three cases exhibit extension of the caudifemoralis longus before autotomy loss, but the latter is not found in related species that also inherit muscle extension, which suggests that other causal factors may be involved. In about 15 other cases, where autotomy becomes restricted to the tail base, there is no marked spread of the caudifemoralis longus. The proposed functional link between muscle extension and autotomy loss is also discussed and discounted.