Reserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon
Reserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0005014
复制
发表时间：
2009-04-08
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Pimm, Stuart L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adeney, J. Marion;Christensen, Norman L., Jr.;Pimm, Stuart L.
背景：保护区是保护森林和生物多样性的主要手段，但保护区是否有效的问题仍存在争议。在亚马逊地区，火灾与森林砍伐密切相关，因此可以作为保护森林覆盖的保护区有效性的指标。我们询问，巴西亚马逊的保护区是否提供有效的保护，防止砍伐森林，从而防止火灾，这种保护是因为它们的地理位置或法律地位，以及某些保护区类型是否比其他类型更有效。方法/主要研究结果：以前的研究表明，大多数亚马逊地区的火灾发生在公路附近，在厄尔尼诺年更为频繁。我们通过检查卫星探测到的热像素与整个巴西亚马逊地区的公路距离以及十年来两次与厄尔尼诺相关的干旱的回归，量化了保护区和非保护区的这些关系。以热点像素衡量的森林砍伐火灾，随着所有地区与道路距离的增加而呈指数下降。保护区内发生的森林砍伐火灾比外面少，保护区和非保护区之间的差异在道路附近最大。因此，在已知最有可能燃烧的地方，保护区在防止这些火灾方面特别有效；但它们并没有提供绝对的保护。即使是在保护区内，在离公路一定距离的地方，人类影响较大的地区发生的森林砍伐火灾也比影响较小的地区更多。厄尔尼诺现象对森林砍伐火灾的影响在保护区外和道路附近最大。本土保护区、有限用途保护区和完全保护保护区的火灾都比外部地区少，其效果似乎没有差异。结论/意义：考虑到时间、地区因素和气候，我们的结果表明，保护区是遏制亚马逊地区破坏性燃烧的有效工具。
Background: Reserves are the principal means to conserve forests and biodiversity, but the question of whether reserves work is still debated. In the Amazon, fires are closely linked to deforestation, and thus can be used as a proxy for reserve effectiveness in protecting forest cover. We ask whether reserves in the Brazilian Amazon provide effective protection against deforestation and consequently fires, whether that protection is because of their location or their legal status, and whether some reserve types are more effective than others.Methodology/Principal Findings: Previous work has shown that most Amazonian fires occur close to roads and are more frequent in El Nino years. We quantified these relationships for reserves and unprotected areas by examining satellite-detected hot pixels regressed against road distance across the entire Brazilian Amazon and for a decade with 2 El Nino-related droughts. Deforestation fires, as measured by hot pixels, declined exponentially with increasing distance from roads in all areas. Fewer deforestation fires occurred within protected areas than outside and the difference between protected and unprotected areas was greatest near roads. Thus, reserves were especially effective at preventing these fires where they are known to be most likely to burn; but they did not provide absolute protection. Even within reserves, at a given distance from roads, there were more deforestation fires in regions with high human impact than in those with low impact. The effect of El Nino on deforestation fires was greatest outside of reserves and near roads. Indigenous reserves, limited-use reserves, and fully protected reserves all had fewer fires than outside areas and did not appear to differ in their effectiveness.Conclusions/Significance: Taking time, regional factors, and climate into account, our results show that reserves are an effective tool for curbing destructive burning in the Amazon.