THE PURE THEORY OF LARGE 2-CANDIDATE ELECTIONS
THE PURE THEORY OF LARGE 2-CANDIDATE ELECTIONS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00124816
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
LEDYARD, JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LEDYARD, JO
政治理论家的一个长期目标是发展一种连贯的、一致的、非空洞的选举理论，特别是那些使用多数统治的选举理论。如果可能的话，这种理论应该建立在理性的个人和群体行为的基础上。尽管付出了大量的努力，但最近的著作（例如，见Ordeshook和Shepsle，1982年）表明，许多人现在可能准备放弃这一研究计划，理由是不存在这样的模型。基于参与者理性行为的一致性理论似乎有两个主要的绊脚石：（1）理论命题，即在任何关于投票成本的现实假设下，理性选民不会参与选举;（2）即使他们投票，多数规则均衡也很少存在。第一个结果显然与 * 西北大学相矛盾。本文的研究得到了NSF资助SES 8106896的支持，特此致谢。这篇论文本身是为了在1983年6月于麦基-梅隆大学举行的政治经济学会议上发表而编写的。如果没有这种激励，它可能仍然是不成文的。我得到了许多人的帮助和建议，其中一些人不同意我的结论。其中包括在加州理工学院、爱荷华州、杜兰大学、印第安纳州、斯坦福大学和西北大学的研讨会的参与者。霍华德罗森塔尔的严格标准是任何质量的介绍存在的大部分责任。我感谢他的帮助和建议。彼得考夫林发现早期失误。1981年，我在公共选择协会的会议上发表了一个早期版本的总统演讲。
A long-standing goal of political theorists has been the development of a coherent, consistent, and nonvacuous theory of elections, particularly of those using majority rule. If possible, such a theory is to be based on rational individual and group behavior. In spite of extensive effort, recent writings (see, for example, Ordeshook and Shepsle, 1982) reveal that many may now be prepared to give up this research program on the grounds that no such model exists. There appear to be two main stumbling blocks to a consistent theory based on the rational behavior of participants:(1) the theoretical proposition that, given any realistic assumption about the cost of voting, rational voters will not participate in elections, and (2) even if they vote, majority-rule equilibria rarely exist. The First result is obviously contradicted by* Northwestern University. The research for this paper has been supported by NSF grant SES8106896 which is gratefully acknowledged. The paper itself was prepared for presentation at the Conference on Political Economy at Carnegie-Mellon University in June 1983. Without that incentive it might still be unwritten. I have had the help and advice of many people--some of whom disagree with the conclusions. Among these were the participants in workshops at Cal Tech, lowa, Tulane, Indiana, Stanford, and Northwestern University. The exacting standards of Howard Rosenthal are responsible for much of whatever quality in presentation exists. I thank him for this help and advice. Peter Coughlin found early lapses. An early version was presented at the Public Choice Society meetings, as my presidential address, in 1981.