The Pluripotent Microvascular Pericytes Are the Adult Stem Cells Even in the Testis
The Pluripotent Microvascular Pericytes Are the Adult Stem Cells Even in the Testis
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-11093-2_13
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
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影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Davidoff, Michail S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davidoff, Michail S.
睾丸周细胞是脊椎动物体内无处不在的周细胞群的一部分，是唯一真正的多能成体干细胞，能够产生树木原始生殖层的典型结构：外胚层、中胚层和内胚层。它们起源于胚胎发育的早期，来源于多能的外胚层。周细胞通过生长和分化的血管在整个脊椎动物有机体中传播，在那里它们留在专门的内皮周围血管壁龛中，作为静止的多能成体干细胞，用于组织的生成、维持、修复和再生。周细胞也是血管周围多能基质细胞(MSCs)的祖先。周细胞及其后代的外观变化反映了其自身表观遗传和寄主器官局部环境因素影响下的可塑性。在睾丸中，周细胞是神经内分泌间质细胞的祖先。激活后，周细胞开始增殖、迁移，并构建转分化为多能基质细胞的转运放大细胞。这些细胞代表器官中许多不同细胞类型的祖细胞。最后，很明显，周细胞是生物学性质的一项辉煌成就，旨在为每个器官提供无处不在的多能成体干细胞。它们迷人的特征是未来支持器官细胞系统的治疗概念的先决条件。
The pericytes of the testis are part of the omnipresent population of pericytes in the vertebrate body and are the only true pluripotent adult stem cells able to produce structures typical for the tree primitive germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. They originate very early in the embryogenesis from the pluripotent epiblast. The pericytes become disseminated through the whole vertebrate organism by the growing and differentiating blood vessels where they remain in specialized periendothelial vascular niches as resting pluripotent adult stem cells for tissue generation, maintenance, repair, and regeneration. The pericytes are also the ancestors of the perivascular multipotent stromal cells (MSCs). The variable appearance of the pericytes and their progeny reflects the plasticity under the influence of their own epigenetic and the local environmental factors of the host organ. In the testis the pericytes are the ancestors of the neuroendocrine Leydig cells. After activation the pericytes start to proliferate, migrate, and build transit-amplifying cells that transdifferentiate into multipotent stromal cells. These represent progenitors for a number of different cell types in an organ. Finally, it becomes evident that the pericytes are a brilliant achievement of the biological nature aiming to supply every organ with an omnipresent population of pluripotent adult stem cells. Their fascinating features are prerequisites for future therapy concepts supporting cell systems of organs.