Mechanisms regulating energy metabolism by adiponectin in obesity and diabetes
Mechanisms regulating energy metabolism by adiponectin in obesity and diabetes
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DOI：
10.1042/bst0340798
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Sweeney, G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fang, X.;Sweeney, G.
近年来，由于饮食引起的肥胖以及随之而来的 2 型（非胰岛素依赖型）糖尿病发病率不断增加，分子事件的营养控制已引起人们极大的兴趣。肥胖个体中脂肪组织含量的改变导致循环脂肪因子的变化，在这里我们关注脂联素，其循环水平在肥胖个体中降低。脂联素是一种 30 kDa 的蛋白质，但主要以六聚体、寡聚体和较小程度的三聚体形式循环。全长脂联素也可以被切割产生含有球状结构域的片段，从而发挥有效的代谢作用。脂联素具有类胰岛素和增敏作用，包括刺激骨骼肌中的葡萄糖摄取和抑制肝脏中的葡萄糖产生。因此，脂联素作为抗糖尿病剂引起了人们的极大兴趣。脂联素通过两种受体亚型 AdipoR1（脂联素受体 1）和 AdipoR2 发挥作用，它们具有不同的组织分布和识别各种脂联素形式的亲和力。 AdipoR 亚型的表达可以通过高胰岛素血症和高血糖来调节，从而导致对特定形式的脂联素的敏感性或抗性增加。总之，脂联素或 AdipoR 表达的调节可能对于肥胖个体 2 型糖尿病特征性代谢紊乱的发展具有重要意义。
Nutritional control of molecular events has become of great interest given the increased incidence of diet-induced obesity, and consequently Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, in recent years. The altered adipose tissue content in obese individuals results in an altered profile of circulating adipokines, and here we focus on adiponectin, whose circulating levels decrease in obese individuals. Adiponectin is a 30 kDa protein but circulates primarily as hexameric, oligomeric and, to a lesser extent, trimeric forms. Full-length adiponectin can also be cleaved to produce a fragment containing the globular domain that exerts potent metabolic effects. Adiponectin has insulin-mimetic and -sensitizing actions including stimulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and suppression of glucose production in liver. Hence, adiponectin has attracted great interest as an antidiabetic agent. Adiponectin acts via two receptor isoforms, AdipoR1 (adiponectin receptor 1) and AdipoR2, which have distinct tissue distributions and affinities for recognition of the various adiponectin forms. Expression of AdipoR isoforms can be regulated by hyperinsulinaemia and hyperglycaemia with the consequence of increased sensitivity or resistance to specific forms of adiponectin. in summary, regulation of adiponectin or AdipoR expression may be of great importance in the development of metabolic perturbations characteristic of Type 2 diabetes in obese individuals.