The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments
The need to account for cell biology in characterizing predatory mixotrophs in aquatic environments
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0090
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发表时间：
2019-10
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Susanne Wilken;Charmaine C. M. Yung;Marian I. Hamilton;Kenneth D. Hoadley;Juliana Nzongo;C. Eckmann;María Corrochano-Luque;Camille Poirier;A. Worden
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作者：
Susanne Wilken;Charmaine C. M. Yung;Marian I. Hamilton;Kenneth D. Hoadley;Juliana Nzongo;C. Eckmann;María Corrochano-Luque;Camille Poirier;A. Worden
真核生物中的光合作用首先通过吞噬过程产生，其中被吞噬的蓝藻没有被消化，而是成为一个永久的细胞器。当真核细胞吞噬其他已经具有光合作用的真核细胞时，其他的光合作用谱系就出现了。一些由此产生的谱系随后失去了吞噬作用的能力，而许多其他谱系则保持了这两种过程的能力。这些兼养类群具有更复杂的生态作用，因为它们既是初级生产者又是消费者，可以更多地转向生产构成水生食物链基础的有机物质，或转向呼吸和释放二氧化碳。我们仍然需要了解哪些类群是捕食性混养生物，以及这种生活方式的生理后果，部分原因是水生生态系统中的单细胞真核生物的多样性仍然没有培养。在这里，我们讨论了现有的方法研究捕食性混合营养体，他们的个人偏见，以及如何单细胞的方法可以提高这些重要类群的知识。问题仍然是什么黄金标准应该分配一个混合营养状态的不良或未培养的类群的地位，决定了生物体如何纳入碳循环模型，以及如何在未来的湖泊和海洋生态系统的作用可能会发生变化。这篇文章是讨论会议议题“单细胞生态学”的一部分。
Photosynthesis in eukaryotes first arose through phagocytotic processes wherein an engulfed cyanobacterium was not digested, but instead became a permanent organelle. Other photosynthetic lineages then arose when eukaryotic cells engulfed other already photosynthetic eukaryotic cells. Some of the resulting lineages subsequently lost their ability for phagocytosis, while many others maintained the ability to do both processes. These mixotrophic taxa have more complicated ecological roles, in that they are both primary producers and consumers that can shift more towards producing the organic matter that forms the base of aquatic food chains, or towards respiring and releasing CO2. We still have much to learn about which taxa are predatory mixotrophs as well as about the physiological consequences of this lifestyle, in part, because much of the diversity of unicellular eukaryotes in aquatic ecosystems remains uncultured. Here, we discuss existing methods for studying predatory mixotrophs, their individual biases, and how single-cell approaches can enhance knowledge of these important taxa. The question remains what the gold standard should be for assigning a mixotrophic status to ill-characterized or uncultured taxa—a status that dictates how organisms are incorporated into carbon cycle models and how their ecosystem roles may shift in future lakes and oceans. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.