Sources of age-related recognition difficulty for time-compressed speech
Sources of age-related recognition difficulty for time-compressed speech
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DOI：
10.1044/1092-4388(2001/056
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发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Fitzgibbons, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gordon-Salant, S;Fitzgibbons, PJ
与年轻的听众相比，老年人对快速语音或时间压缩语音的识别能力往往较差。本研究试图确定在时间压缩的语音识别中是否存在年龄相关的问题。这可能主要归因于信息处理速度的下降或处理简短的声音提示的下降。本研究还考察了语言线索的可用性对再认绩效的影响。听力正常和听力受损的年轻和年长的听众参加了实验。刺激是持续时间没有改变的句子、语言短语和随机单词串，或者是用统一的时间压缩或辅音、元音或停顿的选择性时间压缩的时间压缩。年龄效应被观察到对未修改的随机单词的识别，但对句子和语言短语的识别没有观察到年龄效应。对不同分数(未修改的语音与时间压缩的语音)的分析表明，时间压缩的句子和短语存在年龄效应。对于年长的听者来说，时间压缩的形式是统一的时间压缩和辅音的选择性时间压缩。事实上，在识别统一时间压缩的语音方面的糟糕表现主要归因于识别包含辅音的选择性时间压缩的语音的困难。在大多数听力状况下也观察到听力损失的影响，尽管这些影响与年龄的影响无关。总体而言，这些发现支持这样一种观点，即年长的听者在识别时间压缩的语音时遇到的问题与处理快速语音中固有的简短、有限的辅音声学提示的困难有关。
Older people frequently show poorer recognition of rapid speech or time-compressed speech than younger listeners. The present investigation sought to determine if the age-related problem in recognition of time-compressed speech. could be attributed primarily to a decline in the speed of information processing or to a decline in processing brief acoustic cues. The role of the availability of linguistic cues on recognition performance was examined also. Younger and older listeners with normal hearing and with hearing loss participated in the experiments. Stimuli were sentences, linguistic phrases, and strings of random words that were unmodified in duration or were time compressed with uniform time compression or with selective time compression of consonants, vowels, or pauses. Age effects were observed for recognition of unmodified random words, but not for sentences and linguistic phrases. Analysis of difference scores (unmodified speech versus time-compressed speech) showed age effects for time-compressed sentences and phrases. The forms of time compression that were notably difficult for older listeners were uniform time compression and selective time compression of consonants. Indeed, poor performance in recognizing uniformly time-compressed speech was attributed primarily to difficulty in recognizing speech that incorporated selective time compression of consonants. Hearing loss effects were observed also for most of the listening conditions, although these effects were independent of the aging effects. In general, the findings support the notion that the problems of older listeners in recognizing time-compressed speech are associated with difficulty in processing the brief, limited acoustic cues for consonants that are inherent in rapid speech.