Emotion and Motivation I: Defensive and Appetitive Reactions in Picture Processing
Emotion and Motivation I: Defensive and Appetitive Reactions in Picture Processing
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037//1528-3542.1.3.276
复制
发表时间：
2001-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Lang, Peter J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bradley, Margaret M.;Codispoti, Maurizio;Lang, Peter J.
情绪反应是由潜在的动机状态（防御和欲望）组织起来的，这些动机状态已经进化到促进个体和物种的生存。当参与者观看具有不同情感和中性内容的图片时，测量情感反应。与动机假说相一致，当参与者观看描绘威胁、暴力死亡和色情的图片时，最强烈的情绪唤起、最大的皮肤电导反应、最明显的心脏减速和最大的惊吓反射调制。此外，反射调制和电导的变化与唤醒，而面部模式的内容特异性。研究结果表明，情感反应服务于不同的功能动员行动，注意力和社会沟通，并反映了动机系统，参与，其强度的激活，和特定的情感背景。
Emotional reactions are organized by underlying motivational states-defensive and appetitive-that have evolved to promote the survival of individuals and species. Affective responses were measured while participants viewed pictures with varied emotional and neutral content. Consistent with the motivational hypothesis, reports of the strongest emotional arousal, largest skin conductance responses, most pronounced cardiac deceleration, and greatest modulation of the startle reflex occurred when participants viewed pictures depicting threat, violent death, and erotica. Moreover, reflex modulation and conductance change varied with arousal, whereas facial patterns were content specific. The findings suggest that affective responses serve different functions-mobilization for action, attention, and social communication-and reflect the motivational system that is engaged, its intensity of activation, and the specific emotional context.